Lec 2 - carb digestion

Question 1

What is a carbohydrate

Answer 1

food that are sources of digestible carbohydrates

Question 2

In chemical terms, carbohydrates are?

Answer 2

polyhydroxy, aldehydes, ketones, and their derivatives

Question 3

what does human milk contain?

Answer 3

7%carbohydrate
predominantly lactose

Question 4

True or False: carbs are sources of rapidly digestible energy (avg: 4kcal/g)

Answer 4

True

Question 5

what are available carbohydrates?

Answer 5

humans produce enzymes capable of cleaving their bonds so that they can be absorbed

Question 6

what are unavailable carbohydrates?

Answer 6

the type of glycosidic bond, food microparticle structure and dose of carbohydrate influences digestibility

Question 7

what do carbohydrates vary in

Answer 7

of carbons, aldose vs ketose, stereochemistry, & degree of polymerization

Question 8

Characteristics of sucrose

Answer 8

• alpha 1-2 glycosidic bond
• C1 of glucose & C2 fructose
• alpha bond forms between C with same stereochem

Question 9

characteristics of lactose

Answer 9

beta 1-4 glycosidic bond
C1 of glucose & C2 of galactose

Question 10

characteristics of glycogen

Answer 10

alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds in linear chain
alpha 1-6 glycosidic bonds in branching carbons
storage form of glucose found in the mammalian body

Question 11

what makes up sucrose

Answer 11

glucose + fructose

Question 12

what makes lactose

Answer 12

galactose & glucose

Question 13

name the polysaccharide

Answer 13

glycogen

Question 14

name the 3 monosaccarides

Answer 14

glucose fructose galactose

Question 15

name the 2 disaccharides

Answer 15

sucrose and lactose

Question 16

how do amylose and cellulose differ

Answer 16

glucose can exist as an anomer

Question 17

what is a starch

Answer 17

polysaccharide of glucose linked by glycosidic bonds

Question 18

where are starches stored in

Answer 18

seeds roots fruits

Question 19

what is starch composed of

Answer 19

20% amylose & 80% amylopectin

Question 20

True or false: amylose is alpha 1,6-linked with no branching

Answer 20

False, it is alpha 1,4-linked with alpha 1,6 branch points

Question 21

amylose has a _____ structure

Answer 21

linear

Question 22

what does the tight packing of amylose result in resistance to digestion

Answer 22

reduced surface area