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HEMA 1 > Lec 2: Basic Methods 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Lec 2: Basic Methods 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A suspension of red cells, white cells, and platelets in plasma

A

Blood

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2
Q

Blood clots once outside the body within ___.

A

5 to 8 minutes

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3
Q

What is the most important part of specimen collection?

A

Patient and specimen identification

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4
Q

What specimen is usually used for CBC, WBC count, and RBC count?

A

Whole blood

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5
Q

What is the composition of the buffy coat?

A

White blood cells/leukocytes & platelets

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6
Q
  1. The blood collected for serum is allowed to clot undisturbed for about ___ (time) at ___ (temperature).
  2. When serum is not tested within 30 minutes to 1 hour, store it at ___.
  3. Delayed testing
A
  1. 30 min to 1 hour at RT
  2. 4° Celsius
  3. • store at -20°C for up to 3 months
    • -40°C or lower for long term
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7
Q

PRE-COLLECTION

  1. Fasting time required when testing for FBS & cholesterol.
  2. Effect of smoking
  3. Effect of fast walking for 20 minutes
  4. Effect of stress
A
  1. • FBS: 6 hours
    • Cholesterol: 12 hours
  2. Increases neutrophils
  3. Increases platelet count
  4. Increases WBC count
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8
Q

Causes of misleading results in PRE-COLLECTION

A
  • Meal within 2 hours
  • smoking
  • physical activity
  • stress
  • age, gender, and pregnancy
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9
Q

Causes of misleading results DURING SPECIMEN COLLECTION

A
  • Diurnal variants
  • posture
  • hemoconcentration
  • excessive negative pressure
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10
Q

Hemoconcentration occurs from prolonged tourniquet pressure which increases what substance?

A

Total CHON

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11
Q

It only takes ___ (time) for the blood sample to NOT be used anymore.

A

2 hours

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12
Q

What type of blood sample is necessary for most tests that require anticoagulation?

A

Venous blood

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13
Q

[ TRUE or FALSE ]

Venous Blood

  1. There is no variation in blood values if specimens are obtained from different veins.
  2. Quite easy in children, obese, and patients in shock
  3. You can draw blood from the same extremity that is being used for IV medication
  4. Avoid prolonged stasis as it leads to hemoconcentration
  5. It has a lengthy procedure and requires more preparation
A
  1. TRUE
  2. FALSE
  3. FALSE
  4. TRUE
  5. TRUE
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14
Q

[ TRUE or FALSE ]

Capillary Blood

  1. Used only in infants less than 1 year old and when it is NOT possible to obtain venous blood
  2. Greater likelihood of contamination
  3. Carried out using a needle and a syringe
A
  1. TRUE
  2. TRUE
  3. FALSE
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15
Q

The release of hemoglobin from ruptured red cells into the plasma

A

Hemolysis

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16
Q
  1. It can suck blood by a predetermined volume of blood by vacuum
  2. Usually used for pediatric patients and it uses butterfly wings with plastic tubing
  3. It uses the barrel and plunger to control the vacuum
A
  1. ETS
  2. Butterfly infusion set
  3. Syringe method
17
Q

These are tubes that are designed to fill with a predetermined volume of blood by vacuum

A

Evacuated collection tubes

18
Q

Tube color - additive - purpose

  1. Yellow
  2. light blue
  3. gold/red
  4. green
  5. lavender
  6. gray
A
  1. Yellow — Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate — Blood culture
  2. light blue — sodium citrate
  3. gold/red — none — serum separator
  4. green — heparin — gel separator
  5. lavender — EDTA
  6. gray — sodium fluoride & potassium oxalate — glucose
19
Q
  1. How long should the tourniquet be placed?
  2. What happens if the tourniquet is placed longer than it should be?
  3. It is the large, well anchored, and superficial vein
  4. Enumerate the 3 main veins (from least preferred to most preferred)
A
  1. One minute
  2. Hemoconcentration
  3. Median cubital vein
  4. Basilic, cephalic, median
20
Q
  1. The site selection of venous blood collection for children older than 2 years
  2. The site selection of venous blood collection for children younger than 2 years
  3. Can we use deep veins for infants?
A
  1. Antecubital fossa
  2. Dorsal hand vein
  3. NO
21
Q

This blood is obtained at the time of of the birth of the baby

A

Cord Blood

22
Q

Cord blood

  1. Blood collection method
  2. From what vein do we aspirate blood?
A
  1. Syringe
  2. Umbilical vein
23
Q

Explain the external jugular vein procedure

A
  • infant is wrapped in a sheet so the arms are immobilized
  • infant is placed on the table with the head hanging over the edge
  • the head is supported and turned to the side
  • area is disinfected
  • a butterfly infusion set is inserted into the external jugular vein
  • after blood collection, area is treated
24
Q

external jugular vein procedure

  1. Who performs the procedure?
  2. What Blood collection method is used?
A
  1. Doctor/physician
  2. Butterfly mehod
25
Q

Is skin/dermal function a method of choice for collecting blood from infants and children younger than 2 years? Why?

A

Yes.

  • large and superficial veins are hard to locate
  • using deep veins is dangerous
  • should NOT draw excessive blood amount
26
Q

WHEN dermal punctures may be preferable over any puncture in Adult Patients

A

Patients:

  • burned, scarred
  • receiving chemo
  • with thrombotic tendencies
  • geriatric
  • with fragile veins
  • inaccessible veins
  • obese
  • apprehensive
  • requiring home glucose monitoring
  • point of care test
27
Q

Composition of capillary blood

A
  • arterial blood
  • venous blood
  • small amounts of interstitial and intracellular fluids
28
Q
  1. The incision depth should ____ in a device used to perform heel sticks
  2. For sufficient blood flow, incision width should be ___.
  3. The dermal subcutaneous junction depth
A
  1. NOT exceed 2mm
  2. 2.5mm
  3. newborn: 0.35–1.6 mm below the skin
    Adult: 3mm
29
Q

Laser Lancets

  1. Available for clinical and home use for ___ (px)
  2. Penetration depth
  3. Maximum volume collected
A
  1. Adults, children over 5 years
  2. 1–2mm
  3. 100 uL
30
Q
  1. Also known as microhematocrit tubes
  2. Red band:
  3. Blue band:
A
  1. Capillary tube
  2. Heparinized
  3. Plain
31
Q

Heel puncture site

A

Medial and bilateral areas of the plantar

32
Q

[ TRUE or FALSE ]

Bandages are not used for children younger than one year old

A

FALSE

  • 2 years old
33
Q

DERMAL PUNCTURE

  1. Order of draw
  2. Causes if hemolysis
A
    • blood smear
    • platelet count
    • CBC (lavender)
    • plasma (green)
    • serum (red/gold)
    • failure to wipe away the first drop of blood
    • milking
    • capturing of air bubbles
34
Q

Action of the following inhibitors/anticoagulants:

  1. Sodium citrate
  2. potassium salt of EDTA
  3. double oxalate
A
  1. Sodium citrate binds to calcium
  2. Potassium salt chelates calcium
    • Potassium oxalate shrinks the RBC
    • ammonium oxalate produces swelling of RBC

HEMA 1 (3 decks)

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