Lec 1: Introduction

Question 1

In 1957, he described “worms” in the blood.

Answer 1

Athanasius Kircher

Question 2

In 1674, he gave an account of RBC

Answer 2

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 3

In 1800, he described the platelets as “petite plaques”

Answer 3

Giulio Bizzozero

Question 4

In 1902, he developed the wright stain

Answer 4

James Homer Wright

Question 5

• a crucial staining technique still used today for the detailed examination of blood smears under a microscope
• this milestone laid the grand work for the modern understanding and study of hematology

Answer 5

Wright stain

Question 6

Functions of the hematology laboratory (5)

Answer 6

• Establish or rule out diagnosis
• confirm a physician’s clinical impression of a possible hematological disorder
• detect an unsuspected disorder - monitor the effects of therapy
• detects minimal residual disease following the therapy

Question 7

Purpose of blood

Answer 7

• Transports oxygen
• clears tissue of carbon dioxide
• transport to glucose proteins and fats
• moves wastes

Question 8

• a yellowish fluid that contains water electrolytes hormones and waste products
• contains fibrinogen and clotting factors 2, 5, and 8

Answer 8

Plasma

Question 9

It has essentially the same composition as plasma except that the fibrinogen and clotting factors II, V, VII have been removed

Answer 9

Serum

Question 10

1. In anticoagulated blood, it separates into different layers based on the ____ of its components.
2. What does the buffy coat contain?

Answer 10

1. Density
2. WBC & platelets

Question 11

This cell fragment is critical for initiating repair processing for vessel injury and forming blood clots

Answer 11

Platelets

Question 12

• commonly from radial/femoral artery
• rich in oxygen
• used for measuring blood gasses

Answer 12

Arterial blood

Question 13

[ TRUE or FALSE ]

Capillary blood has higher platelet count compared to venous blood

Answer 13

FALSE

Venous blood has higher platelet count.

Question 14

The most commonly used additive in hematology

Answer 14

• EDTA
• sodium citrate
• heparin

Question 15

It is caused by inappropriate used or maintenance of electrical instruments or equipment

Answer 15

Electrical hazard

Question 16

It mandates that all electrical equipment must be properly grounded using a three pronged plug to prevent electrical shock hazards

Answer 16

Occupational Safety And Health Administration (OSHA)

Question 17

It’s strongly opposes the use of extension cords in the laboratory setting

Answer 17

National Committee For Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)

Question 18

Why does the NCCLS oppose the use of extension cords in the laboratory setting?

Answer 18

Because they can be a tripping hazard and may cause overload that leads to electrical fire.

Question 19

This results from improper use, storage, or disposal of glassware, sharp instruments, compressed gases or equipment

Answer 19

Mechanical hazard

Question 20

It recommends that needles be left uncapped after venipuncture and simply discarded to minimize the risk of needle stick injuries

Answer 20

National Committee For Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)

Question 21

This results from the improper use or storage of cytogenetic substances or substances capable of combustion

Answer 21

Fire hazard

Question 22

The 2 types of white blood cells

Answer 22

• Granular WBC
• Agranular WBC

Question 23

It measures the number of RBC in a volume of blood to assess the blood oxygen carrying capacity

Answer 23

Red blood cell count

Question 24

It measures the number of red blood cells in a volume of blood

Answer 24

RBC count

Question 25

The oxygen-carrying protein in RBC

Answer 25

Hemoglobin

Question 26

It is a proportion of blood volume that is occupied by RBC and it gives insight to overall blood volume and red cell concentration

Answer 26

Hematocrit

Question 27

This is essential for evaluating blood clotting and wound repair

Answer 27

Platelet count

Question 28

1. This checks the average volume of
   RBC
2. This measures the average amount in concentration of hemoglobin in RBC

Answer 28

1. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
2. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

Question 29

___ embraces all cellular elements in fibrin mesh and squeezes out a liquid called serum

Answer 29

Clotted blood