Lec 2 Flashcards
its factors are:
- causing excess salivation
- attributed to difficulty in swallowing
drooling
etiologic agent of wooden tongue/actinobacillosis
Actinobacillus lignieresii
wooden tongue antibiotics
- penicillin
- Ceftipure
what dx?
- excessive salivation
- pus, swelling, inflammation
- gram (-) anaerobe
calf diphtheria or necrotic laryngitis
etiologic agent of calf diphtheria;
common inhabitant/commensal of laryngeal area
Fusobacterium necrophorum
calf diphtheria antibiotics
- oxytetracycline
- penicillin
- not common in PH
- more common in other countries
- poisoning (lead, rhododendron, OP)
- acute photosensitization
can cause excessive salivation; under surveillance in PH
FMD (foot and moth dx)
what dx?
- 3-day fever
- insect-borne
- presenting sign: drooling
ephemeral fever
difficulty in swallowing; backward water flow
dysphagia
- causes drooling
- underrecognized condition
- welfare-related
- common in tropics
heat stress
what stage?
- increased RR
- tachypnea
- restless
- animal stands
- insignificant
Stage 1
what stage?
- animals group together
- slight drooling
- elevated RR
- drooling still not alarming/significant
Stage 2
what stage?
- alarming
- excess drooling/foaming
- increased RR
- animal stands
- restless
- differential dx: FMD, calf diphtheria
Stage 3
what stage?
- open mouth breathing
- gasping w/out sound
- can be attributed to stroke and sudden death
Stage 4
what stage?
- elevated HR w/ flank involvement
- open mouth breathing w/ protruding tongue
- almost no saliva seen
Stage 5
what stage?
- terminal/fatal stage
- labored breathing
- decreased HR
- open mouth breathing w/ protruding tongue
- head down
- slight drooling
- elevated RR
- isolation (behavior) from herd
- usually too late to revive
Stage 6
heat stress management
- provide cold compress, ice water bath, shower/sprinkler
- rare in cattle
- different from regurgitation
vomiting
what is affected in vomiting?
anything that is innervated by the vagus nerve and dorsal and ventral sac of rumen
causes of vomiting
- plant poisoning
- abomasal ulcer
- esophageal foreign body
- acute bloat/esophageal dilatation
it is a common and important presenting syndrome
AAP (acute abdominal pain)
3 main causes of AAP
- acute gut obstruction
- acute enteritis
- acute fermentative colic/bloat
7 Fs
fat
fetus
feces
food
fluid
flatus (gas)
FB
usually associated w/ fluids and gas
acute abdominal distension
it happens when the left portion of the body is distended
ruminal distension
- bigger on lower right quadrant;
- left side rounded throughout
- pear
- apple
= papple
- acute diffuse peritonitis
- peritoneal tympany
- associated w/ sx
- left and right quadrants are rounded = apple appearance
peritoneal distention
- dilatation and/or torsion of abomasum
- abomasal displacement
abomasal distension
- acute tympanitic fermentative intestinal colic
- torsion of cecum and colon
intestinal distension
- hydrops amnion and allantois
uterine distension
affects the thoracic region and GIT
anterior thoracic and abdominal pain
dorsiflexion of the back and grunts or kicks
withers (scooch) pinch test
signs of thoracic/abdominal pain
- arched back
- protruding neck
- disinclination to lie down
- spontaneous grunting
- steadily standing
signs of GIT pain
stands hunched w/ elbows abducted w/ +/- grunting
foot pain; bacteria w/ toxins can travel from hoof to stomach via small capillaries
laminitis
- rumen: left side when viewed caudally
- failure to eructate
- affects normal rumino-reticular tone and motility
- causes partial obstruction to the escape of gas from the rumen
chronic bloat
type of bloat due to excess consumption of succulents, high grain diet/legumes, or genetics
primary (frothy)
management of primary bloat
- use mineral and coconut oil
- baking soda, water and drench
- type of bloat due to FB
- causes obstruction, nerve pathway impairment and lesions to the reticulum wall
- causes problems in innervations
secondary (free gas)
bloat pathology
band white streak in esophagus “bloat line” near the junction of rumen and reticulum
liver dx that happens to high milk producing animals particularly older ones causing fatty infiltrations
liver cirrhosis
liver fx
- stops bleeding
- produce hormones
- metabolic powers of detoxification
- liver damage
- causes sunburn
photosensitization
makes the skin sensitive to UV rays
phylloerythrin
DDD
Diarrhea
Dehydration
Death
causes crumby, pelleted, stone-like difficult to void manure
constipation
causes foul smelling and very watery diarrhea w/ mixture of blood
salmonellosis
causes yellow, pasty consistency diarrhea
rotavirus
causes wet, mucoid-like diarrhea w/ no form and comes in large volumes
coronavirus
- patient can have fever
- different from diarrhea due to change of diet
febrile
- TB of intestine
- causes explosive, black tarry feces
- causes chronic wasting or loss in body condition
Johne’s dx
etiologic agent of Johne’s dx
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
gold standard diagnostic tool for Johne’s dx
PCR
due to faulty esophageal groove, force feeding of milk, improper feeding methods and stress
rumen drinking or reticulo-rumino milk accumulation
3Cs in manure eval
color
consistency
content
causes green or yellow tint in manure
antibiotic tx
causes black, clay-like feces
milk goes to wrong compartment causing spoilage then the heifer will not get the proper nutrients from it
straining while defecating
tenesmus
sign when the animal is urging to poop all the time
elevated tail
- recumbency before and after birthing
- inflammation on limbs
- cold extremities due to swelling
downer cow
early stage of pneumonia
pulmonary hyperemia
animals which collapse and die
sudden death
sign of botulism
animal do not stand or ambulate
other term for jugular stasis
cording
hematuria + hemoglobinuria
red water
