Lec 2 Flashcards
hypothesis
tentative answer to a question or a proposed explanation of an observation
theory
a general explanation of natural phenomena supported by many experiments and observations
correlation
means one thing causes another—in other words, action A causes outcome B
causation
a relationship where action A relates to action B—but one event doesn’t necessarily cause the other event to happen
control group
no variable introduced, no expected change
mean
average
standard error (SE)
measures the amount of discrepancy that can be expected in a sample estimate compared to the true value in the population
sample size
number of independent data points and determined based on probability and statistics
test group
group in which the variable is changed
variable
any factor that differs (varies) between groups in an experiment
peer review
subjects an author’s scholarly work, research, or ideas to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field (peers) and is considered necessary to ensure academic scientific quality
replication
repeating a study’s procedure and observing if the prior findings repeat in similar conditions
negative control
sometimes called control, variable changed in test group is not changed in control group
positive control
group with a variable introduced which has a known effect
independent variable
factor that is manipulated in the test group
