Lec 11 Flashcards
Which ligament stretches from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity to create the ____ sciatic foramen
Sacrotuberous Ligament; Lesser sciatic foramen
hich ligament stretches from the sacrum to the ischial spine to create the ____ sciatic foramen
Sacrospinous Ligament; Greater sciatic foramen
Which vessels run through the Ischiorectal fossa (aka pudendal canal?)
–> Through which foramen do they travel?
The pudendal nerve, artery and vein
–> The Greater and lesser sciatic foramen
Which nerve (and segmental levels) innervate the urogenital diaphragm (external sphincters) & deep transverse perineal muscle
The Pudendal nerve (S2,3,4) innervates the urogenital diaphragm and deep transverse perineal muscle.
- ->Pudendal nerve however, is not sacral outflow. Pudendal is somatic (conscious control) not autonomic (sacral outflow)
- -> Tip external sphincters are made of STRIATED musculature)
What does the pelvic diaphragm consist of?
What is it innervated by?
Pelvic Diaphragm: Levator anii & coccygeous
Nerve to pelvic diaphragm (S4, S5)
What does the Umbilical Arteries become in an adult?
What is this structure derived from?
Umbilical arteries become medial umbilical fold
derived from ventral mesentery
kidneys/intermediate mesoderm begin as trans-segmental or segmental
Segmental
List the 3 stages of kidney development in order of their induction, including any ducts involved. Which one develops differently than the others?
1) Pronephros
2) Mesonephros and Mesonephric Duct
3) Metanephros
Metanephros develops differently from all the others
The ureteric bud begins as an outgrowth off the _______ duct but migrates where? Once in place, in which direction does it grow to the metanephric blastema (embryonic kidney)?
The ureteric bud begins as an outgrowth off the MESONEPHRIC duct but migrates to the BLADDER? Once in place, it grows caudal (from bladder) to cranially (to metanephros–> kidney)
When the kidneys “ascended” up the aorta, what “ladder” did they climb? What evidence remains of their ascent? Did this affect their sympathetic innervation?
- Segmental/mesonephric arteries
- multiple renal arteries
- Yes, little bits of everything
Are the kidneys symmetrically positioned? Why?
No, Right Kidney is slightly lower because live is in the way
What is the function and components of renal parenchyma? For this reason, where does drainage really begin?
The function of the parenchyma is to filter, the components of the parenchyma are the cortex and the medulla of kidney. Drainage really begins in the minor calyx
me the 4 attachments to the bladder
Right and Left ureters, 1 urachus, and 1 urethra
What did the urachus attach to in the embryo? What does it become in the adult?
Urachus attached to the allantois (waste sac–> extraembryonic membrane)
Urachus becomes the MEDIAN umbilical ligament (umbilical arteries become MEDIAL umbilical fold)
The Bladder is lined by _________ epithelium and is stretchy, whereas the _______ __ ___ _________ is not
The Bladder is lined by Transitional epithelium and is stretchy, whereas the Trigone of the Bladder is not
