Lec. 10 Water Flashcards
How much water does the human body of an adult contain?
~60%.
What roles do minerals play in the body?
blood pressure,
electrolyte balance,
bone health,
gas transport,
muscle and nerve function.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of drinking from water holes?
predictable source of water, risk of disease or predator attack.
What were the earliest containers used for water transport?
Ostrich eggs and bottle gourds.
How can water molecules get into a cell?
Not on their own, they need aquaporins.
How can charged ions get across cell membranes?
They need to go through channels and pumps.
Is there more water in the world’s rivers or in all living organisms?
About the same amount in each.
Which food requires more water for its production, nuts or beans?
Nuts
What fraction of the world population faces severe water scarcity?
More than half.
What is the connection between water and gender?
Women around the world carry most of the water where there is no tap water.
Why is chlorine added to tap water??
For disinfection
Why is fluoride added to drinking water?
For dental health (enamel strengthening).
What are the effects of excess fluoride?
Negative impact on teeth.
Is arsenic in drinking water from industrial pollution?
No, mostly from natural arsenic rich rocks
How can water treatment prevent lead leaching from metal pipes?
Treating with orthophosphate can promote the formation of lead phosphate coating, preventing lead leaching into the water.
What is the origin of the word salary?
Roman soldiers paid in salt.
Which plant food is a good source of iodine and vitamin B12?
Nori sea weed.
What is the concept of mismatch in evolutionary medicine?
Our biology is mismatched with our modern way of life.
How do bonobos in the iodine poor Congo basin find iodine?
By eating water-lilies.
Why is iodine so important for health?
Our bodies require iodine to make thyroid hormone.
What is a goiter?
Enlarged thyroid gland due to lack of iodine.
What is the difference between elemental and molecular composition of the human body?
Elemental refers to chemical elements (oxygen, carbon, hydrogen etc) whereas molecular refers to type of molecules: water, protein, fat carbohydrate etc.
