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[OS 216] Immuno Exam 2 Cluster 4 > Lec 10: Adverse Drug Reactions > Flashcards

Lec 10: Adverse Drug Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

True of adverse drug reaction EXCEPT

A. any undersired or unintended response to a drug
B. may occur due to overdose of an appropriate drug
C. appears within a reasonable time after drug administration
D. same as drug allergy or drug hypersensitivity
E. NOTA

A

D

ADR is not entirely synonymous with drug allergy. Drug allergy is only a part (10%) of the ADR spectrum.

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2
Q

What are the two main classification of adverse drug reactions?

A

predictable

non-predictable

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3
Q

Types of predictable ADRs EXCEPT

A. side effects
B. drug interactions
C. intolerance
D. overdose
E. secondary effects
F. NOTA
A

C

Intolerance is a non-predictable ADR.

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4
Q

What are the two main classification of UNPREDICTABLE ADRs?

A

immune mediated

non-immune mediated

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5
Q

What are the three classification of non-immune mediated unpredictable ADRs?

A

pseudoallergic
idiosyncratic
intolerance

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6
Q

Tinnitus with small doses of salicylates and quinine is an example of what ADR?

A. side effect
B. intolerance
C. overdose
D. secondary effects
E. NOTA
A

B

Intolerance is a genetically determined quantitative increase in pharmacologic effect produced by an unusually small dose of medication.

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7
Q

True of idiosyncratic ADRs EXCEPT

A. quantitatively abnormal reaction to a drug
B. similar to hypersensitivity but is not
C. a type of non-immune mediated ADR
D. includes drug-induced hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency
E. NOTA

A

A

Idiosyncratic ADRs are QUALITATIVE reactions to a drug.

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8
Q

Give three drugs that can induce hemolytic anemia in G6PD-deficient children.

A

sulfonamides
nitrofurans
water-soluble vitamin K analogues

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9
Q

T/F

Pseudoallergy is an anaphylactoid response.

A

T

It is not anaphylaxis, only anaphylactoid.

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10
Q

T/F

Pseudoallergy requires previous exposure to the drug.

A

F

It is independent of the IgE mechanism and does not involve IgE antibodies therefore no previous exposure or sensitization is required.

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11
Q

Enumerate three drugs that may cause pseudoallergy.

A

opiates
vancomycin
polymyxin B

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12
Q

T/F

Drug allergy is a type of unpredictable ADR.

A

T

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13
Q

The following are host-related risk factors of drug allergy EXCEPT

A. atopy
B. comorbidities
C. prior drug reactions
D. drug exposure
E. NOTA
A

D

Drug exposure, along with the nature of the drug, is a drug-related factor, not host-related.

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14
Q

The Section of Immunology gets around 20 referrals per year of type I reaction due to these drugs.

A. B-lactam antibiotics
B. insulin and hormones
C. vaccines
D. cis and carboplatin
E. NOTA
A

D

Cisplatin and carboplatin are chemotherapeutic (antineoplastic) agents.

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15
Q

Give other drugs that may elicit type 1 reactions.

A

streptokinase
L-asparaginase
latex

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16
Q

This is a small molecule that can elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein.

A

hapten

17
Q

True of angioedema EXCEPT

A. swelling of the soft tissues
B. synonymous to anasarca
C. can be unilateral
D. prominent in thin parts of the face
E. NOTA
A

B

Anasarca is generalized edema.

18
Q

The classic red man syndrome is an adverse reaction to what drug?

A

vancomycin

19
Q

The classic red man syndrome falls under what class of adverse drug reactions?

A

pseudoallergy (non-immune mediated unpredictable)

20
Q

Adverse reactions to heterologous antisera fall to what catergory of ADRs?

A

type II immune-mediated unpredictable

21
Q

Enumerate three drugs that may cause drug-induced lupus.

A 
hydralazine
procainamide
isoniazid
chlorpromazine
methyldopa
quinidine
22
Q

Enumerate three drugs that may cause type IV contact dermatitis

A

neomycin
benzocaine
ethylenediamine

23
Q

This is the most common rash due to ADRs.

A

erythema multiforme

24
Q

This is the worst kind of allergic reaction aside from anaphylaxis.

A

toxic epidermal necrolysis

25
Q

What is the management for toxic epidermal necrolysis?

A

wound care same as in burn patient

administration of IV Ig for 2 weeks

[OS 216] Immuno Exam 2 Cluster 4 (3 decks)

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