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LEC 1: Safety and Hazard Flashcards

1
Q

all exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials in any occupational setting

A

Bloodborne pathogens

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2
Q

It defines hazardous substances and provides guidance for evaluation and communication identified hazards

A

Hazard communication

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3
Q

Requires the appointment of a chemical hygiene officer and the development of a chemical hygiene plan to reduce or eliminate occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals

A

Laboratory Standard

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4
Q

What are the 3 categories of Laboratory regulation according to OSHA?

A
  1. Bloodborne pathogens
  2. Hazard communication
  3. Laboratory standard
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5
Q

An approach to infection control in which all human, blood, tissue, and most fluids are handled as if known to be infectious for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens

A

Universal precaution

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6
Q

unprotected individual exposure to bacteria, viruses, parasites via ingestion, inoculation, tactile contamination, or inhalation of infectious materials. (e.g, contaminated needles and aerosol dispersion)

A

Biological hazard

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7
Q

What are the 4 general considerations of biological safety?

A
  1. All blood samples and other body fluids should be under universal precautions
  2. Gloves, gowns, and face protection (PPEs) must be used during manipulation or transfer
  3. Consistent and thorough hand washing is an essential component. Antiseptic gel and foam may be used at waterless stations
  4. Centrifugation produces finely dispersed aerosol that are high risk
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8
Q

What is the biological safety for airborne pathogens?

A
  1. TB isolation areas with specific ventilation control must be established.
  2. Workers required to use respirator for protection.
  3. All workers must be screened for TB infection
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9
Q

this remove particles that may be harmful to the employee working with potential infections

A

Biosafety Cabinets

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10
Q

The airflow pattern is in at front through HEPA to the outside or into the room through HEPA

A

BSC 1
FACE VELOCITY: 75
VOLATILE: When exhausted outdoors

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11
Q

70% recirculated to the cabinet work area through HEPA; 30% balance can be exhausted back

A

BSC CLASS 2, A1
FV: 75
VOLATILE: NO

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12
Q

30% recirculated, 70% exhausted. Must pass through a dedicated duct

A

BSC CLASS 2, B1
FV: 100
VOLATILE: YES (MINUTE AMOUNTS)

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13
Q

No recirculation; total exhaust to the outside through HEPA filter

A

BSC 1, B2
FV: 100
VOLATILE: YES (SMALL AMOUNTS)

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14
Q

Similar to A1 but has 100 lfm intake air velocity and plenums are under negative pressure

A

BSC 2, A2
FV: 100
VOLATILE: When exhausted outdoors (formally B3)

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15
Q

In this hazard, centrifuge must be balance to distribute load equally, never open the lid until the rotor stop. Safety interlocks on equipment

A

Mechanical hazard and Safety

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16
Q

In this hazard use tongs or insulated gloves for hot glassware, glass pipes should be handled with extra care as sharp instruments

A

Mechanical hazard

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17
Q

a flammable liquid has a flash point below?

A

37.8 C (100F)

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18
Q

combustible liquid have a flash point ABOVE?

A

37.8 C (100F)

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19
Q

these are injurious to the skin or eyes by direct contact, or to the respiratory and gastro tracts if inhaled.

Examples include acid and bases

A

Chemical hazard - CORROSIVE CHEMICAL

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20
Q

substances that can spontaneously explode or ignite. It generate heat when react with water (exothermic reactions)

A

chemical hazard - REACTIVE CHEMICALS

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21
Q

What is a common example of a known carcinogen?

A

Benzidine

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22
Q

Substances that have been determined to be cancer-causing agents

A

Carcinogens - carcinogenic chemicals

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23
Q

a chemical reaction that involves rapid oxidation of combustible material or fuel.

A

Fire hazard

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24
Q

T or F: In laboratory, all elements essential for fire to begin are present

A

True

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25
fire ordinary combustible solid materials, such as paper, wood plastic, and fabric
Class A
26
fire that is flammable liquids/gases and combustible petroleum products
Class b
27
fire that is energized electrical equipment
Class C
28
fire that is combustible/reactive metals such as magnesium, sodium, and potassium
Class D
29
What are the types of fire extinguisher?
1. Pressurized water 2. Dry chemical 3. Carbon dioxide 4. Halon 5. Metal x
30
Extinguisher for class A fires?
1,2 pressurized dry chemical
31
Extinguisher for class B fires?
2, 3 dry chemical carbon dioxide
32
extinguisher for class c fire?
2, 3, 4 dry chemical carbon dioxide halon
33
extinguisher for class d fires?
5 metal x
34
T or F: In electrical equipment, have ground, polarity, and leakage checks and other periodic preventive maintenance performs
TRUE
35
T or F: In electrical equipment, do not use explosion-rated (intrinsically wired) equipment in hazardous ares
False- you should use
36
T or F: In electrical equipment, use only properly grounded equipment (three-pong plug)
True
37
T or F: Do not work "live" electrical equipment
True
38
These physical actions can contribute to repetitive strain disorders such as tenosynovitis, bursitis, and ganglion cysts. Position or posture
Ergonomic (arranging) hazard
39
T or f: gradually increase force when pushing or pulling and avoid pounding actions with the extremities
True
40
T or F: It is essential that only properly trained personnel work with radioisotopes
True
41
these must be evaluated regularly to DETECT degree of exposure for the laboratory employee/ Must be maintained for length of employment plus 30 years
Radiation monitors
42
T or f: Nonionizing forms of radiation are also a concern in the laboratory
True
43
also known as a central venous catheter, that doctors place in large vein
Central line
44
A serious infection that occurs when germs enter the bloodstream through central line
Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
45
T or F: Healthcare providers must use stringent (strict) infection control practices each time to check the line
True
46
How to prevent CLABSI?
1. perform hand hygiene 2. apply appropriate skin antiseptic 3. ensure that skin prep dried 4. use five maximal sterile barrier precautions
47
an infection that occurs after surgery. sometimes superficial involving skin only.
Surgical Site Infection (SSI)
48
What are the symptoms of SSI?
1. Redness and pain around surgery 2. Drainage or cloudy fluid 3. Fever
49
When given antibiotic for SSI, how many minutes should you take it before surgery> and be stopped within?
60 minutes, 24 hours
50
A drainage tube that is inserted into the urinary bladder through the urethra
indwelling urinary catheter
51
urine containment device that fits over or adheres to genitalia and attached to urinary bag
external catheter
52
surgically inserter to bladder through incision above pubis
suprapubic catheter
53
infection involving any part of urinary system
UTI
54
a nosocomial pneumonia that occurs in patients on a mechanical respirator more than 48 hours
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
55
among UTIs in hosp, how many percentage are associate with urinary catheter?
75 percent
56
percentage of patients receive urinary catheters during their hospital stay?
15 to 25%
57
the rate of VAP in a pediatric medical0crugical critical care unit?
1.2 per 1000 ventilator days
58
rate per ventilator days in a trauma intensive care unit (ICU)?
6.0 per 1000 ventilator days
59
T or f: Being on a mechanical ventilator substantially increases risk of developing nosocomial pneumonia
true
60
estimated VAP in mechanically ventilated patients?
9-27 percent
61
mortality rate for VAP in earlier studies?
33-50 percent
62
mortality rate for VAP in earlier studies?
33-50 percent
63
mortality rate for VAP based on 2013 studies?
9-13 percent
64
signs of VAP?
1. Fever 2. WBC greater than 12x10^9/ml 3. new pulmonary infiltrates
65
T or F: main cause of VAP is the colonization of endotracheal tubes with microbiota that migrate downward the pleural cavity
True
66
To prevent VAP, the patient's bed raised between what degrees?
30 and 45
67
In clostridiodes difficile, what ration died over age of 65 within a month of diagnosis?
1 out of 11

SPDX (5 decks)

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