Lec 1

Question 1

What are normative ethics?

Answer 1

Focuses on theorising how we ought to behave

Question 2

What is applied ethics?

Answer 2

Focuses on applying ethical theories and principles to particular domains (environmental ethics, research ethics)

Question 3

What is descriptive ethics?

Answer 3

focus on describing moral beliefs and what motivates us

Question 4

What are the three core theories in normative ethics?

Answer 4

• consequentialism
• deontological ethics
• virtue ethics

Question 5

What is consequentialism?

Answer 5

• utiliarianism
  -focuses on the consequences of our actions
  -developed in the 18th and 19th century, stuart and jeremy bentham
• ## greatest good for greatest number

Question 6

What is a critique of consequentialism?

Answer 6

• unintended consequences with no good outcomes e.g. NGO give money to project, doesn’t go as planned
• what about the one’s who aren’t impacted positively from the decision

Question 7

What is deontological ethics?

Answer 7

• kant, 18th century
• we have a duty to behave in a way that is aligned with our rationality
• leads to univeralisable actions
• is based on humanist principles (dignity/integrity)
• duty
• categorical imperiatives (no matter the person, everyone will do it e.g. promises)

Question 8

What is the critique of deontological ethics?

Answer 8

• removes the personal factor (agency)
• ignores emotions/feelings (duty supersedes emotions)
• conflicting duties (the duty to your family may conflict with the duty to your employer)

Question 9

What is virtue ethics?

Answer 9

• Aristotle (380 BC)
• ethics does not reside in any ethical framework/code of conduct, but in the good character of a person through the development of virtues (courage, benevolence, compassion, loyalty)

Question 10

What is the critque of virtue ethics?

Answer 10

• valued virtues differ depending on context
• good character may not lead to good actions
• virtues could be conflicting in certain situations

Question 11

What is ethics of care?

Answer 11

-duty of care

Question 12

What are the two main ethical principles in PACE

Answer 12

• Reciprocity

- mutual benefit (to the student, organisation and university)

Question 13

How do we ensure that the ethical principles are followed in pace

Answer 13

• understand the value and contribution of your activity
• understand the value and ethics of your organisation
• understand the community it serves

Question 14

What type of ethics does research ethics fall under?

Answer 14

applied

Question 15

What constitutes human research?

Answer 15

• taking part in surveys, interviews, focus groups
• psychological, phsyiological, medical testing/treatment
• observation

Question 16

What are the four main principles of ethical research and what do they mean?

Answer 16

• merit and integrity (purpose of research, dissemination of results, trained researcher)
• justice
• beneficience (costs and benefits
• respect (voluntary nature, privacy, confidential)