Drug and substance use

Question 1

How many people used an illicit drug at some point in 2013 (not incl. alcohol + tobacco)

Answer 1

1 in 20

Question 2

How many people are problem drug users?

Answer 2

1 in 10, 27-39 million worldwide

Question 3

How many are injecting?

Answer 3

1 in 2

Question 4

How many drug related deaths in 2013?

Answer 4

187, 100

Question 5

What is the primary cause of drug-related deaths?

Answer 5

Overdose

Question 6

What drug makes up the most deaths?

Answer 6

opiates- 75%

Question 7

What number of IDU’s are HIV+?

Answer 7

1.7 mill

Question 8

How many IDU’s have hep C?

Answer 8

half

Question 9

How many have access to treatment?

Answer 9

1 in 6

Question 10

What % of Australians have used an illicit drug in the past 12 months?

Answer 10

15.6%, above international average and increasing

Question 11

What is the most popular and its %?

Answer 11

Cannabis at 10.2%

Question 12

What is the second most popular drug and its %?

Answer 12

cocaine at 2.5%

Question 13

What drugs have decreased in use?

Answer 13

meth, hallucinogens, synthetic weed

Question 14

What is increasing and what %?

Answer 14

misuse of pharmaceuticals 4.8%

Question 15

What drug is the most serious concern?

Answer 15

meth

Question 16

What % of people have drunk alcohol in the last year?

Answer 16

77.5%

Question 17

What % have smoked tobacco?

Answer 17

14.9%

Question 18

% of people who drink and smoke daily?

Answer 18

5. 9%= drink

12. 2%= smoke

Question 19

Who is the most likely to smoke daily?

Answer 19

people in their mid 40s

Question 20

What is addiction according to the DSM-V?

Answer 20

addiction involves the compulsive or uncontrolled use of substance that leads to clinically significant impairment/distress over a 12 mths period

Question 21

What are the two aims to addiction?

Answer 21

addiction as a condition (clinical) or a process (scientific)

Question 22

What are the three things that addiction involves?

Answer 22

• preoccupation/anticipation
• binge/intoxication
• withdrawal/negative affect
• spiral/gets worse over time

Question 23

What is the psychopharmacology view of addiction?

Answer 23

reward>relapse>withdrawal

Question 24

What are the two drugs that are highly addictive within a psychopharmacology context?

Answer 24

cocaine and heroin

Question 25

Discuss psychopathology and addiction

Answer 25

• high comorbidity with existing psychopathologies

- 66% males and 45% females comorbid anxiety/depressive

Question 26

How many times higher are psychiatric disorders in people with addictions?

Answer 26

ten times higher

Question 27

What are three types of comorbidity?

Answer 27

• direct causal link
• indirect causal link
• common risk factors

Question 28

Discuss the hedonic homestatic dysregulation theory- first cycle

Answer 28

Tension/arousal > impulsive act > pleasure/relief/gratification > regret/guilt/ self reproach

Question 29

Accoridng to the hedonic homeostatic dysregulation theory, what does addiction start with?

Answer 29

impulse control disorder

Question 30

What does it end with?

Answer 30

compulsive disorder

Question 31

Discuss the hedonic homeostatic dysregulation theory- second cycle

Answer 31

anxiety/stress > repetitive behaviours > relief > obsessions

Question 32

How many times higher is drug use in LGBTIQA populations?

Answer 32

7

Question 33

What factors increase the chance for drug addiction?

Answer 33

• drug factors (potency, reinforcement, type of drug, tolerance, withdrawal)
• individual factors (biological, genetic, psychopathology)
• family factors( discipline, family drug use, SES)
• sociological factors- (SES, gender, class)

Question 34

What are the protective factors?

Answer 34

• resilience
• education
• family, peer + social support