Lec 1

Question 1

What does each refer to:

Horizontal plane, Coronal plane, Sagittal plane

Answer 1

Horizontal - flat like ground

Coronal - face/frontal

Sagittal - split in half b/w eyes

Question 2

which way is anterior and posterior

Answer 2

anterior - front

posterior - back

Question 3

what are is the difference between the absolute language of orientation and the relative language of orientation

For human in anatomical position, where does the reference for the latin terminology change

Answer 3

• Absolute doesn’t change. Whatever is highest is always superior.
• Relative relates to how reptiles are organized (quadruped).
• for Human in anatomical position, everything up to the top of the midbrain is such that rostral is superior.
• After top of midbrain, brain is rotated 90 degrees so now anterior is rostral.
• In brain, superior becomes dorsal whereas in spinal cord, it would be rostral

Question 4

• What are the 4 latin descriptors of orientation
• What does each mean?

Answer 4

Rostral - towards the nostril

Caudal - towards the tail

Dorsal - back (like dorsal fin)

Ventral - belly

orientation changes at midbrain

Question 5

What does “in through the door, out through the vent” mean regarding the nervous system?

Answer 5

Afferent fibres enter the spinal cord through dorsal (posterior) rootlets and exit out ventrally (anterior)

Question 6

below midbrain (fill in latin term)

anterior =

posterior =

Superior =

Inferior =

Same for above midbrain …

Answer 6

Below

anterior = ventral

posterior = dorsal

rostral = superior

caudal = inferior

Above

anterior = rostral

posterior = caudal

superior = dorsal

inferior = ventral

Question 7

what does each mean:

Sub/epi

Medial/lateral

Ipsi/contra/bi

Answer 7

Sub = deep

Epi = superficial

medial/lateral = “

Ipsi = same side

Contra = opposite side

Bi = both