Lec 1 Flashcards
When did Clinical Psychology become part of the APA?
1919
When did APA accept clinical psychology and take responsibility for credentialing and training clinical psychologists
1944
When was the Boulder Conference?
1949
What was the goal of the Boulder Conference?
goal was for committee members of academics from applied psych, medicine, and educational disciplines to agree on standard training for clinical psychs
What 4 recommendations for training did the Boulder Conference provide?
- Improve the accuracy and reliability of diagnostic procedures (assessment)
- Develop better understanding of human behaviour (etiology, formulation, theory)
- Develop more efficient methods of treatment (intervention)
- Inclusion of research training in the preparation of psychologists.
What 4 recommendations for practice did the Boulder Conference provide?
- Use scientific methodology in their practice,
- Work with clients using scientifically valid methods, tools and techniques
- Inform clients of scientifically based findings and approaches to their problems,
- Conduct practice-based research
Training practitioners as scientists ensures (3 things in practice):
- Attainment of skills in critical thinking, to understand research findings and to implement best practice intervention so clients get the ‘best’ on offer.
- Avoid harm, reduce unnecessary treatment or keeping people in treatment too long and increase the likelihood of better efficiency in treatment.
- Practitioners can justify the treatments and interventions they choose on empirical grounds
What is the Standard definition of Evidence-based practice
The conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of the individual patient
What constitutes best research evidence depends upon…
the question needing to be addressed
When choosing what research evidence to consider, what is a key question (4 things) you should ask? (AIMC)
What are you hoping to accomplish, measure, improve or change?
What is the best form of evidence (pyramid, best to worst)?
- Meta-Analyses 2.Systematic Reviews 3. Critically Appraised Literature (evidence based practice guidelines) 4. RCTs 5. Non-randomised CTs 6. Cohort-studies 7. Case series or studies 8. Individual case reports 8. Background Information, expert opinion Non-EBM Guidelines
What is a systematic review or meta-analysis?
A synthesis of evidence from all relevant randomised, controlled trials.
What is a Randomised, controlled trial?
an experiment in which subjects are randomised to a treatment group or control group
What is a Controlled trial without randomisation?
An experiment in which subjects are non-randomly assigned to a treatment group or control group
What is a Case-control or cohort study?
Case-control study: a comparison of subjects with a condition (case) to determine characteristics that might predict the condition Cohort: an observation of a group(s) cohorts to determine the development of an outcome(s) such as disease
