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Lec 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Genetics is the branch of biology that studies ___ and ___

A

Variation and heredity

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2
Q

Which among the interrelated fields of genetics is considered as classical genetics

A

Transmission genetics

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3
Q

Which branch of genetics studies the factors affecting gene frequencies

A

Population genetics

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4
Q

Which branch of genetics studies the genetic change within and between species

A

Evolutionary genetics

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5
Q

Molecular genetics is dependent on which fields of science

A

Biochemistry, physical science, biophysics

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6
Q

Father of genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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7
Q

Who proposed that heredity is a blending process

A

Charles Darwin

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8
Q

Credited for the Germplasm Theory

A

August Weismann

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9
Q

Credited for the Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

A

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

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10
Q

Duplicated Mendel’s experiments on animals (3)

A

William Bateson, Saunders, Lucien Cuenot

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11
Q

Credited for elucidation of the double helical model of DNA

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

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12
Q

Branches of genetics (8)

A

Molecular, cytogenetics, developmental, population, quantitative, evolutionary, biochemical, behavioral

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13
Q

Applications of genetics

A

1) plant, animal, and microbial improvement
2) medicine
3) genetic counseling
4) legal application
5) genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology

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14
Q

Etymology of genetics

A

greek word “gen” = to become or grow into something; coined by W. Bateson (1905)

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15
Q
A
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16
Q
A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q

Transmission of traits from parents to offspring

A

Heredity

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17
Q

Differences b/w: parent and offspring, among offspring, among individuals in the population

A

Variation

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17
Q

Similarity of parents and offspring

A

Heredity

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18
Q

Branch that discusses relationship b/w chromosomes and heredity

A

Transmission genetics

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18
Q

Branch that answers how individuals inherit their genetic makeup, how traits are passed on from one generation to the next

A

Transmission genetics

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18
Q

Branch of genetics that encompasses the basic principles

A

Transmission genetics

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19
Q

Branch: chromosomes as bearers of genes; arrangement of genes on chromosomes; map the genes on chromosomes

A

Transmission genetics

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20
Branch: chemical nature of the gene
Molecular genetics
21
Branch that answers how genetic information is replicated, encoded, and expressed
Molecular genetics
22
Branch that studies the genetic composition of groups of individuals of the same species (population)
Population genetics
23
Branch that studies how the composition changes over time
Population genetics
24
The study of evolution (genetic changes)
Population genetics
25
Branch: studies structure and functions of genes at the molecular level; processes in the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
Molecular genetics
26
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
(replication) > DNA > (transcription) > RNA > (translation) > protein
27
Branch: behavior of chromosomes-carrier of genes
Cytogenetics
28
Branch: gene regulation during development; switching on and off of genes
Developmental genetics
29
Branch: genetic change within and between species
Evolutionary genetics
30
Branch: roles of enzymes and proteins; products of genes; genetic basis of metabolic disorders (e.g., albinism)
Biochemical genetics
31
Branch: behavioral traits that are inherited; genetic basis of behavioral disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, alcoholism, manic depressive psychosis, criminality)
Behavioral genetics
32
Branch: fate of genes in the population; factors affecting gene frequencies
Population genetics
33
Branch: inheritance and expression of quantitative traits; role of genetic and environmental factors
Quantitative genetics
34
Fields that molecular genetics are dependent on
Physical chemistry, biophysics, biochemistry
35
Fields that cytogenetics are dependent on
Physics, staining technology
36
Fields that population genetics are dependent on
Ecology, math, statistics
37
Fields that quantitative genetics are dependent on
Math, statistics
38
Fields that evolutionary genetics are dependent on
Ecology, math, statistics, biochemistry
39
Fields that developmental genetics are dependent on
Physiology, morpho-anatomy, biochemistry
40
Fields that biochemical genetics are dependent on
Biochemistry, physiology
41
Fields that behavioral genetics are dependent on
Psychology, biochemistry
42
Before Gregor Mendel (2)
1) heredity as blending process 2) offspring are intermediate between the parents
43
In the Golden Age of Greek Culture, attention was given to ___ and ___
Reproduction and heredity
44
Scientists: Theory of Pangenesis (initially Greek Theory of Inheritance)
Hippocrates, Aristotle, Darwin
45
Theory of Pangenesis
All structures and organs of the body contribute to copies of themselves to sex cells
46
Scientist: Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
47
Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
Acquired body modifications are inherited
48
Scientist: Germplasm Theory
August Weismann
49
Germplasm Theory
Plans of the entire body are contributed only by the sex cells
50
Scientists: uniformity in F1 and variations in F2
Kolreuter, Gardner, Naudin, Charles Darwin, Dzierson
51
Beginning of Classical Genetics (4)
1) 1865 Gregor Mendel 2) concept of gene 3) presence of discrete hereditary unit 4) explains similarities & differences among parents & offspring
52
Principles by Gregor Mendel
Principle of segregation; principle of independent assortment
53
Duplicated Mendel's experiments on other plants; re-discoverers of the work of Mendel (3)
Carl Correns (Germany) Erick von Tschermak (Austria) Hugo de Vries (Netherlands)
54
Observed Mendel’s principles on animals (3)
William Bateson, Saunders, Lucien Cuenot
55
Scientists: Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Walter Sutton (USA) and Theodor Boveri (Germany)
56
Scientists: association between specific gene and specific chromosome
Thomas Hunt Morgan and Calvin Bridges
57
Scientists: DNA as hereditary material
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, & Maclyn McCarty
58
Products of recombinant DNA technology
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
59
Examples of Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
Bt corn, cotton, soybean, eggplant, transgenic papaya with delayed ripening genes
60
Application of genetics in medicine (3)
1) Identification of diseases and abnormalities (w/ genetic basis) 2) metabolic disorders (phenylketonuria, galactosemia) 3) newborn screening
61

Bio 30 (3 decks)

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