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Bio 30 > Lec 1 > Flashcards

Lec 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Genetics is the branch of biology that studies ___ and ___

A

Variation and heredity

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2
Q

Which among the interrelated fields of genetics is considered as classical genetics

A

Transmission genetics

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3
Q

Which branch of genetics studies the factors affecting gene frequencies

A

Population genetics

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4
Q

Which branch of genetics studies the genetic change within and between species

A

Evolutionary genetics

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5
Q

Molecular genetics is dependent on which fields of science

A

Biochemistry, physical science, biophysics

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6
Q

Father of genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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7
Q

Who proposed that heredity is a blending process

A

Charles Darwin

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8
Q

Credited for the Germplasm Theory

A

August Weismann

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9
Q

Credited for the Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

A

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

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10
Q

Duplicated Mendel’s experiments on animals (3)

A

William Bateson, Saunders, Lucien Cuenot

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11
Q

Credited for elucidation of the double helical model of DNA

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

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12
Q

Branches of genetics (8)

A

Molecular, cytogenetics, developmental, population, quantitative, evolutionary, biochemical, behavioral

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13
Q

Applications of genetics

A

1) plant, animal, and microbial improvement
2) medicine
3) genetic counseling
4) legal application
5) genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology

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14
Q

Etymology of genetics

A

greek word “gen” = to become or grow into something; coined by W. Bateson (1905)

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15
Q
A
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16
Q
A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q

Transmission of traits from parents to offspring

A

Heredity

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17
Q

Differences b/w: parent and offspring, among offspring, among individuals in the population

A

Variation

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17
Q

Similarity of parents and offspring

A

Heredity

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18
Q

Branch that discusses relationship b/w chromosomes and heredity

A

Transmission genetics

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18
Q

Branch that answers how individuals inherit their genetic makeup, how traits are passed on from one generation to the next

A

Transmission genetics

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18
Q

Branch of genetics that encompasses the basic principles

A

Transmission genetics

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19
Q

Branch: chromosomes as bearers of genes; arrangement of genes on chromosomes; map the genes on chromosomes

A

Transmission genetics

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20
Q

Branch: chemical nature of the gene

A

Molecular genetics

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21
Q

Branch that answers how genetic information is replicated, encoded, and expressed

A

Molecular genetics

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22
Q

Branch that studies the genetic composition of groups of
individuals of the same species (population)

A

Population genetics

23
Q

Branch that studies how the composition changes over time

A

Population genetics

24
Q

The study of evolution (genetic changes)

A

Population genetics

25
Q

Branch: studies structure and functions of genes at the molecular level; processes in the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

A

Molecular genetics

26
Q

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

A

(replication) > DNA > (transcription) > RNA > (translation) > protein

27
Q

Branch: behavior of chromosomes-carrier of genes

A

Cytogenetics

28
Q

Branch: gene regulation during development; switching on and off of genes

A

Developmental genetics

29
Q

Branch: genetic change within and between species

A

Evolutionary genetics

30
Q

Branch: roles of enzymes and proteins; products of genes; genetic basis of metabolic disorders (e.g., albinism)

A

Biochemical genetics

31
Q

Branch: behavioral traits that are inherited; genetic basis of behavioral disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, alcoholism, manic depressive psychosis, criminality)

A

Behavioral genetics

32
Q

Branch: fate of genes in the population; factors affecting gene frequencies

A

Population genetics

33
Q

Branch: inheritance and expression of quantitative traits; role of genetic and environmental factors

A

Quantitative genetics

34
Q

Fields that molecular genetics are dependent on

A

Physical chemistry, biophysics, biochemistry

35
Q

Fields that cytogenetics are dependent on

A

Physics, staining technology

36
Q

Fields that population genetics are dependent on

A

Ecology, math, statistics

37
Q

Fields that quantitative genetics are dependent on

A

Math, statistics

38
Q

Fields that evolutionary genetics are dependent on

A

Ecology, math, statistics, biochemistry

39
Q

Fields that developmental genetics are dependent on

A

Physiology, morpho-anatomy, biochemistry

40
Q

Fields that biochemical genetics are dependent on

A

Biochemistry, physiology

41
Q

Fields that behavioral genetics are dependent on

A

Psychology, biochemistry

42
Q

Before Gregor Mendel (2)

A

1) heredity as blending process
2) offspring are intermediate between the parents

43
Q

In the Golden Age of Greek Culture, attention was given to ___ and ___

A

Reproduction and heredity

44
Q

Scientists: Theory of Pangenesis (initially Greek Theory of Inheritance)

A

Hippocrates, Aristotle, Darwin

45
Q

Theory of Pangenesis

A

All structures and organs of the body contribute to copies of themselves to sex cells

46
Q

Scientist: Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

A

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

47
Q

Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

A

Acquired body modifications are inherited

48
Q

Scientist: Germplasm Theory

A

August Weismann

49
Q

Germplasm Theory

A

Plans of the entire body are contributed
only by the sex cells

50
Q

Scientists: uniformity in F1 and variations in F2

A

Kolreuter, Gardner, Naudin,
Charles Darwin, Dzierson

51
Q

Beginning of Classical Genetics (4)

A

1) 1865 Gregor Mendel
2) concept of gene
3) presence of discrete hereditary unit
4) explains similarities & differences
among parents & offspring

52
Q

Principles by Gregor Mendel

A

Principle of segregation; principle of independent assortment

53
Q

Duplicated Mendel’s experiments on other plants; re-discoverers of the work of Mendel (3)

A

Carl Correns (Germany)
Erick von Tschermak (Austria)
Hugo de Vries (Netherlands)

54
Q

Observed Mendel’s principles on animals (3)

A

William Bateson, Saunders, Lucien Cuenot

55
Q

Scientists: Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

A

Walter Sutton (USA) and
Theodor Boveri (Germany)

56
Q

Scientists: association between specific gene and specific chromosome

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan and Calvin Bridges

57
Q

Scientists: DNA as hereditary material

A

Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, & Maclyn McCarty

58
Q

Products of recombinant DNA technology

A

Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

59
Q

Examples of Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

A

Bt corn, cotton, soybean, eggplant, transgenic papaya with delayed ripening genes

60
Q

Application of genetics in medicine (3)

A

1) Identification of diseases and
abnormalities (w/ genetic basis)
2) metabolic disorders (phenylketonuria, galactosemia)
3) newborn screening

61
Q
A

Bio 30 (3 decks)

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