LEC 1

Question 1

Fields of Statistics

Answer 1

Descriptive statistics
Inferential statistics

Question 2

__________ is concerned with the methods of collecting, organizing, and presenting data appropriately and creatively to describe or assess group characteristics.

Answer 2

Descriptive statistics

Question 3

_________ is concerned with inferring or drawing conclusions about the population based from pre-selected elements of that population.

Answer 3

Inferential statistics

Question 4

A __________ is a characteristics that changes or varies over time and/or for different individuals or objects under consideration.

Answer 4

Variable

Question 5

_____________ measure a quality or characteristics on each individual or object.

Answer 5

Qualitative variables

Question 6

____________ measure a numerical quality or amount on each individual or object, often represented by x.

Answer 6

Quantitative variables

Question 7

A _________ can assume only a finite or countable number of values.

Answer 7

Discrete variable

Question 8

A __________ can assume the infinitely many values corresponding to the point on a line interval.

Answer 8

Continuous variable

Question 9

Classification of Variables

Answer 9

1. According to functional relationship
2. According to scale of measurements

Question 10

Classification of Variables
According to functional relationship

Answer 10

1. Independent variable
2. Dependent variable

Question 11

Classification of Variables
According to scale of measurements

Answer 11

1. Nominal variable.
2. Ordinal variable
3. Interval variable
4. Ratio variable

Question 12

This is sometimes termed as predictor variable.

Answer 12

Independent variable

Question 13

This is sometimes called criterion variable.

Answer 13

Dependent variable

Question 14

For example, academic achievement is dependent on IQ.

IQ is the _______ variable and academic achievement is the ______ variable.

Answer 14

independent, dependent

Question 15

This property allows one to make statements of similarities or differences.

Answer 15

Nominal variable

Question 16

This variable refers to a property whereby members of a group are ranked.

Answer 16

Ordinal variable

Question 17

This property allows one to make statements of equality of intervals.

Answer 17

Interval variable

Question 18

This property permits making statements of equality of ratios.

Answer 18

Ratio variable

Question 19

There are two sources of obtaining data.

Answer 19

1. Primary Sources
2. Secondary Sources

Question 20

_________ is the firsthand information is obtained usually by means of personal interview and actual observation.

Answer 20

Primary source

Question 21

The _______ source of information is taken from other’s works, news reports, reading, and those that are kept by the National Statistics Office, Securities and Exchange Commission, SSS, and other government and private agencies.

Answer 21

Secondary source

Question 22

Methods of Collecting Data

Answer 22

1. Direct or Interview Method
2. Indirect or Questionnaire Method
3. Registration Method
4. Observation Method
5. Experimentation

Question 23

Data that are collected by these methods are usually referred to as ________.

Answer 23

raw data

Question 24

______ are not yet organized and presented in a form ready for interpretation. These data can only be understood if appropriate forms of presentation are adopted.

Answer 24

Raw data

Question 25

PPSS

Answer 25

Population has a parameter while sample is for statistics.

Question 26

A ________ is a finite or limited collection of objects, events, or individuals selected from a population.

Answer 26

sample

Question 27

_________ is a finite or infinite collection of objects, events, or individuals with specified class or characteristics under consideration, such as students in a certain university, legitimate taxi drivers in Metro Manila, cellular phone users, etc.

Answer 27

Population

Question 28

A capital letter “N” is used to denote _____ size whereas small letter “n” denotes _________ size.

Answer 28

N = population size
n = sample size

Question 29

The Greek letters (read as ____), 𝜎 (____), 𝜎2(_____), and ⍴ (___)

Answer 29

The greek letters (read as miu), 𝜎 (sigma), 𝜎2 (sigma squared), and ⍴ (rho)

Question 30

Symbols for Parameter

• Population size = ______
• Population mean = ______
• Population standard deviation = ______
• Population variance = ______
• Population coefficient of correlation = ______

Answer 30

Symbols for Parameter

• Population size = N
• Population mean = μ
• Population standard deviation = 𝜎
• Population variance = σ2
• Population coefficient of correlation = ρ

Question 31

Symbols for Statistic

• Sample size = ______
• Sample mean = ______
• Sample standard deviation = ______
• Sample variance = ______
• Sample coefficient of correlation = ______

Answer 31

Symbols for Statistic
- Sample size = n
- Sample mean = X̄
- Sample standard deviation = s
- Sample variance = s2
- Sample coefficient of correlation = r

Question 32

Sloven’s Formula

Answer 32

N
———– = n
1+Ne2

Question 33

N
———– = n
1+Ne2

Let N be the _____ size and the ______of error e denotes the allowed probability of committing an error in selecting a small representative of the population.

The ______ size n can be obtained by the formula

Answer 33

Let N be the population size and

the margin of error e denotes the allowed probability of committing an error in selecting a small representative of the population.

The sample size n can be obtained by the formula

Question 34

Law of ____ Numbers states, “ the larger the size of the sample, the ____ certain we can be sure that the sample mean is a good _____ of the population mean.”

Answer 34

more certain
–
estimate

Question 35

This margin of error, e, could range between ___ and ___ depending on the desire or intention of the researcher.

Answer 35

0.01 and 0.1

Question 36

A _____ is a portion or sub-aggregate of the population that should represent the common qualities or characteristics of the population.

Answer 36

Sample