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BOTANY > leaves > Flashcards

leaves Flashcards

1
Q

Chlorenchyma, flat thinleaf

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

the process by which plant loses water to serve the following purposes:
a. Continuous uptake of water
b. Cooling effects
c. Controls degree of saturation of cell with water

A

Transpiration

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3
Q

Economic uses of Leaves

A

Food
Herbs
Beverages
Teas
Drug uses

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4
Q

Uses of Leaves

A

Insecticides
Waxes
Aromatic Oils
Medical uses

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5
Q

Part of leaves

A

Lamina/ leaf blade
Petiole/stalk

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6
Q

flat, light harvestingportion

A

Lamina/ leaf blade

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7
Q

holds blade out into thelight

A

Petiole/stalk

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8
Q

With petiole

A

PETIOLATE

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9
Q

Without petiole

A

SESSILE

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10
Q

with one blade only

A

simple

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11
Q

a blade divided into leaflets
or pinnae or pinnule

A

compound

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11
Q

extension of the petiole to which the leaflets are attached

A

rachis

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12
Q

leaflets attach to individual rachis by petiolule

A

PINNATELY COMPOUND

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13
Q

leaflets attach to same point

A

PALMATELY COMPOUND

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14
Q

no stipule

A

Exstipulate

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15
Q

with stipule

A
  • Stipulate –
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16
Q

Has petiole
With stipules that
protect shoot apical
meristem while leaf is
young

A

DICOT LEAF

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17
Q

Has leaf sheath
Has ligules

A

MONOCOT LEAF

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18
Q

one order of rachis

A

SIMPLE PINNATELY COMPOUND

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19
Q

-Bundles of vascular tissue
-distribute water from stem into leaf & collect
sugar produced and carry them to the stem

A

VEINS

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20
Q

leaf edge

A

MARGIN

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21
Q

outer end of leaf lamina
opposite end of the petiole

A

APEX

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22
Q

three leaflets

A

trifoliate

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23
Q

four leaflets

A

quadri/tetrafoliate

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24
Q

two orders of rachis
primary leaflet and secondary leaflet

A

BIPINNATELY COMPOUND LEAF

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25
Q

with 5 or more leaflets

A

pentafoliate

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26
Q

a compound leaf of having three order

A

TRIPINNATELY COMPOUND LEAF

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27
Q

three order of
rachises:

A

o primary rachis
o secondary rachis
o tertiary rachis

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28
Q

arrangement of leaves on the stem

A

PHYLLOTAXY

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29
Q

leaflets are attached to the end of the petiole

A

PALMATELY COMPOUND LEAVES

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30
Q

types of PALMATELY COMPOUND LEAVES

A

bifoliate
trifoliate
quadri/tetrafoliate
pentafoliate

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31
Q

two leaflets

A

bifoliate

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32
Q

one leaf per node

A

ALTERNATE

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33
Q

two leaves opposite at one node

A

OPPOSITE

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34
Q

one leaf per node but spiral arrangement

A

SPIRAL

34
Q

three or more leaves around a node

A

WHORLED

35
Q
  • subclassification of spiral
  • exactly 90 degrees difference of leaf
    arrangement
A

DECUSSATE

36
Q

arrangement of veins on the blade

A

VENATION

37
Q

three types NETTED VENATION

A

pinnately netted
radiately netted
palmately netted

38
Q

-also called reticulate venation
-branching of the veins

A

NETTED VENATION

39
Q

principal veins arise
from the base of the blade

A

palmately netted

40
Q

veins arise from the
midrib

A

pinnately netted

41
Q

principal veins arise
form the center of the blade

A

radiately netted

42
Q

different types
PARALLEL VENATION

A

parallel to the midrib
palmately parallel
acute angle to the midrib
perpendicular to the midrib

43
Q

one direction of veins

A

PARALLEL VENATION

44
Q
  • With cutin
  • Flat epidermal cells, with guard cells,
    trichomes
  • High # stomata in lower epidermis
A

EPIDERMIS

45
Q

prevents rapid air movement, prevents water
loss from stomata; protection

A

Trichomes (glandular or non-glandular)

46
Q
  • kidney-shaped, chlorophyllous epidermal cells
A

GUARD CELLS

47
Q
  • areas where epidermis is depressed into the
    leaf
  • filled w/ trichomes & stomata, at lower surface
    of leaf
  • decrease air movement near stomata to
    prevent water from evaporating
A

STOMATAL CRYPTS

47
Q
  • Ground tissues interior to the leaf epidermis
  • Has two parts: palisade parenchyma and
    spongy mesophyll
A

MESOPHYLL

48
Q
  • Uppermost, main photosynthetic tissue
  • 1 layer thick, cells are separated, increases
    exposure to CO2
A

PALISADE PARENCHYMA

49
Q
  • Open, loose aerenchyma that permits CO2 to
    diffuse rapidly from stomata into all parts of leaf
A

SPONGY MESOPHYLL

50
Q
  • Between palisade and spongy mesophyll
A

VASCULAR TISSUE

51
Q
  • important in releasing water from xylem and
    loading sugar into phloem
A

MINOR VEINS

52
Q
  • fibers arranged as a sheath around the
    vascular tissue
A

BUNDLE SHEATHS

53
Q
  • mass of fibers above or below (or both) the
    veins
A

BUNDLE SHEATH EXTENSION

53
Q

gives rigidity and additional means by
which water moves from the bundle out to the
mesophyll

A

Fibers

54
Q
  • Serves as transition between the stem and the
    leaf blade
A

PETIOLE

54
Q

similar to that on the lamina but
often contains fewer stomata and trichomes

A

Epidermis

55
Q

may bears two small flaps of tissue at its base

A

stipules

56
Q
  • vascular bundles which exit the stem and diverge to
    the petiole
A

LEAF TRACES

57
Q
  • detachment area of leaves from the stem;
    releases enzymes w/c weaken their walls
A

ABSCISSION ZONE

58
Q
  • leaf aging due to breakdown of chlorophyll,
    sugars and loss of photosynthetic ability
A

SENESCENCE

59
Q
  • protective scar tissue across wound after leaf
    fa
A

LEAF SCAR

60
Q
  • thick and fleshy, reduced surface-to-volume
    ratio
  • with water storage parenchyma
A

SUCCULENT LEAVES

61
Q

have few intercellular spaces
=↓evaporative surface area = transparent

A

Mesophylls

62
Q
  • pair of succulent leaves
A

DINTERANTHUS

62
Q
  • spherical succulent leaves
A

SENECIO

63
Q
  • pair of translucent leaves acting as optical
    fiber, allows light to enter, even leaves are
    underground
A

LITHOPS

64
Q
  • Thick sclerenchyma = resistant to animals,
    fungi, freezing temp and UV
  • Very thick cuticle
  • Lives for 2 or more years
  • Sclerophylls - leaves
A

SCLEROPHYLLOUS FOLIAGE

65
Q
  • leaf blade curl
  • ex. Sundew that has glandular trichomes that
    secretes a sticky digestive fluid) or close (ex.
    Venus flytrap that has motor cells, margins with
    interdigitating teeth and short glands that
    secrete digestive fluid)
    o other example: Drosera - sundrew
A

ACTIVE TRAP

66
Q

Contains cells that can sense contact with other
objects
* side facing the object stop growing, then, the other
side elongate — coil
* no lamina
* Support

A

TENDRILS

67
Q
  • digest insects and obtain nitrogen for their
    amino acid and nucleotides
A

INSECT TRAPS

67
Q
  • Leaves are sclerophylls
  • extremely thick cuticle and the cells of
    epidermis have thick walls
A

LEAVES OF CONIFER

68
Q

occur in all pines, firs, and
spruces

A

Needles

68
Q

Agathis, Araucaria, and
Podocarpus

A

Scale-like

69
Q
  • incapable of movement
  • ex. Pitcher plant that has tubular lamina that
    secretes water digestive fluid
A

PASSIVE TRAP

70
Q
  • One of the most common modification of
    leaves
  • Forms to protect dormant shoot apical
    meristems by forming a tight layer around the
    stem tip
  • small and rarely compound
  • petiole is either short or absent
  • frequently produce a thin layer of corky bark
A

BUD SCALES

70
Q
  • Produce plantlets
A

ADVENTITIOUS BUDS / REPRODUCTIVE
LEAVES

71
Q
  • For attraction
  • Examples:
    o Poinsettia
    o Mussaenda
    o Bougainvillea
    Anthurium – colored spathe
A

COLORED LEAVES

72
Q
  • Aerenchymatous leaf base for buoyancy and
    support
A

FLOATS

73
Q
  • Supporting leaf bases
  • For support
A

PSEUDOTRUNKS

74
Q
  • display “thigmonasty” or sensitivity to touch for
    protection
A

MOTILE LEAVES

75
Q

tropic response to
touch

A

Thigmotropic response –

76
Q
  • For added photosynthesis
A

EXPANDED LEAF-LIKE PETIOLE OR STIPULE

BOTANY (7 decks)

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