learninga Flashcards
decision making
the process of generating and choosing between a set of alternatives to solve a problem
Explicit knowledge
knowledge that can be described in formal language, easily communicated and readily available to most
Tacit knowledge
know how acquired by experience, difficult to articulate and resembles intuition
expertise
the knowledge and skills that distinguish an expert from a novice
methods of learning
Observation
Reinforcement
Goal orientation
social learning theory
learning through observing others
behavioral modelling
observe actions of others, learn from what they observe, then repeat the same behaviour
build competence
learning orientation: building competence is deemed more important than demonstrating competence
demonstrate competence
performance orientation:
avoidance orientation
increasing desire behaviour
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
decreasing undesired behaviours
punishment
extinction
continuous reinforcement
specific consequence follows each and every occurrence of a behaviour
fixed interval
reinforcement occurs during fixed time periods
variable interval
random periods of time
fixed ratio schedule
reinforcement occurs following a fixed number of behaviours
variable-ratio schedule
reinforcement occurs after varying number of them have been exhibited
programmed decisions
automatic decisions because the knowledge allows the person to recognize the situation
nonprogrammed decision
decision made by an employee when a problem is new or not recognized
intuition
an emotional judgment based on quixk unconscious gut feelings
decision making models
rational economic model
bounded rationality
rational economic model
decisions based off of rationality
consider all possible alternatives before choosing an option
bounded reality
do not hae the resources to process all alternatives therefore we pick the first acceptable alternative
escalation of commitment
continue to support previously unsuccessful courses of action
availability bias
base decisions on information that is easier to recall
heuristics
simple decision rules for complex problems
anchoring
rely on one trait to make a decision even if that trait is irrelevant
framing
make a decision based on how a question is framed
representativeness
assess likelihood of an event by comparing it to a similar event assuming it will be similar
contrast
judging things compared to things near it
recency
weigh recent events more than earlier events
