Learning to read and write Flashcards
What does Darwin say bout learning how to read or write
“man has an instinctive tendency to speak but no instinctive tendency to bake, brew or write”
What is the phonics approach
child taught phonics sytematically
What is the positive of the phonics approach
child learns how to spell and can decipher unfamiliar words
What is the negative of the phonics approach
early vocab limited and english spelling is very complex
What is the whole word approach
look and say whole words with first heavy pictoral support
What is the positive of the whole word approach
child able to use contextual clues to decipher
What is the negative of the whole word approach
no system to approach, spelling ‘caught not taught’
What 6 cues do children use when learning to read
Syntactic semantic miscue visual graphophonic contextual
What are Chall’s 4 stages of learning to read
0 - pseudo-reading (0-6yrs)
1 - initial reading and decoding (6-7yrs)
2 - confirmation and fluency (7-8yrs)
3 - reading for learning (9-14yrs)
What are the key characteristics of pseudo reading
‘Pretend’ reading (turning pages/repeating stories from memory)
some letter/word recognition, esp in own name
word prediction
What are the key characteristics of initial reading and decoding
Reading simple texts containing high frequency lexis showing some acknowledgement of phoneme grapheme correspondence
approx 600 words
What are the key characteristics of confirmation and fluency
Quicker, more accurate and more fluent reading
More attention paid to word meanings
approx 3000 words
What are the key characteristics of reading for learning
Reading for knowledge and information becomes the motivation
What does Heath (1980) argue early literacy is shaped by
community and home
What does Bruners language acquisition support system (LASS) suggest
that adults encourage chilren’s speech using books to interact with babies and young children
What are the 4 phases of LASS
parent to child interactions 1 - gaining attention 2 - query 3 - label 4 - feedback
Writing means being able to use what
the vocab system and meanings sentneces common agreed code of symbols punctuation layout of texts appropriate spelling
What are the two attitudes to learning how to write
creative model
rule-based model
Explain the creative approach
argues that a child should be allowed to experiment creatively without strict correction, and by trial and error, become increasingly more accomplished
the child is therefore less likely to become afraid to make mistakes
Explain the rule-based approach
children need to understand the conventions of spelling, punctuation and grammar
their progress will be more rapid and can apply rules to new words quicker
What factors have the greatest influence on children’s early writings
Acquisition of early motor skills
What does the National Curriculum expect of 6-7 year olds
be able to proof read to check for errors in punctuation and spelling
What does the National Curriculum expect of 14 year olds
write fluenty, accurately and at length for pleasure and information
What problems might this have for language diversity
it reduces the creative capabilities
Explain genre based literacy
until the 1970’s, teaching of writing focused on technical accuracy rather than text as a whole
Who researched genre based literacy and what did they find
Jean Rothery
80’s
introduced a more functional approach looking at purpose of writing
How is genre based literacy taught
deconstruction
joint construction
independant construction
Explain Brittons model of how children develop understanding of the functions of language
3 types of writing
expressive - expression of self, egocentrism
poetic - craft of writing = imagery, rhyme
transactional - separating own identity, impersonal tone
What is cursive script
joined and flowy
What is print handwriting
separate letters
What is casual cursive
a mix of both
What type of sentences do children write first
declarative
What is a diminutive
a word made cute such as shoesies
