Learning to read and write

Question 1

What does Darwin say bout learning how to read or write

Answer 1

“man has an instinctive tendency to speak but no instinctive tendency to bake, brew or write”

Question 2

What is the phonics approach

Answer 2

child taught phonics sytematically

Question 3

What is the positive of the phonics approach

Answer 3

child learns how to spell and can decipher unfamiliar words

Question 4

What is the negative of the phonics approach

Answer 4

early vocab limited and english spelling is very complex

Question 5

What is the whole word approach

Answer 5

look and say whole words with first heavy pictoral support

Question 6

What is the positive of the whole word approach

Answer 6

child able to use contextual clues to decipher

Question 7

What is the negative of the whole word approach

Answer 7

no system to approach, spelling ‘caught not taught’

Question 8

What 6 cues do children use when learning to read

Answer 8

Syntactic
semantic
miscue
visual
graphophonic
contextual

Question 9

What are Chall’s 4 stages of learning to read

Answer 9

0 - pseudo-reading (0-6yrs)
1 - initial reading and decoding (6-7yrs)
2 - confirmation and fluency (7-8yrs)
3 - reading for learning (9-14yrs)

Question 10

What are the key characteristics of pseudo reading

Answer 10

‘Pretend’ reading (turning pages/repeating stories from memory) 
some letter/word recognition, esp in own name
word prediction

Question 11

What are the key characteristics of initial reading and decoding

Answer 11

Reading simple texts containing high frequency lexis showing some acknowledgement of phoneme grapheme correspondence
approx 600 words

Question 12

What are the key characteristics of confirmation and fluency

Answer 12

Quicker, more accurate and more fluent reading
More attention paid to word meanings 
approx​ 3000 words

Question 13

What are the key characteristics of reading for learning

Answer 13

Reading for knowledge and information becomes the motivation

Question 14

What does Heath (1980) argue early literacy is shaped by

Answer 14

community and home

Question 15

What does Bruners language acquisition support system (LASS) suggest

Answer 15

that adults encourage chilren’s speech using books to interact with babies and young children

Question 16

What are the 4 phases of LASS

Answer 16

parent to child interactions 
1 - gaining attention
2 - query 
3 - label
4 - feedback

Question 17

Writing means being able to use what

Answer 17

the vocab system and meanings
sentneces
common agreed code of symbols
punctuation
layout of texts
appropriate spelling

Question 18

What are the two attitudes to learning how to write

Answer 18

creative model

rule-based model

Question 19

Explain the creative approach

Answer 19

argues that a child should be allowed to experiment creatively without strict correction, and by trial and error, become increasingly more accomplished
the child is therefore less likely to become afraid to make mistakes

Question 20

Explain the rule-based approach

Answer 20

children need to understand the conventions of spelling, punctuation and grammar
their progress will be more rapid and can apply rules to new words quicker

Question 21

What factors have the greatest influence on children’s early writings

Answer 21

Acquisition of early motor skills

Question 22

What does the National Curriculum expect of 6-7 year olds

Answer 22

be able to proof read to check for errors in punctuation and spelling

Question 23

What does the National Curriculum expect of 14 year olds

Answer 23

write fluenty, accurately and at length for pleasure and information

Question 24

What problems might this have for language diversity

Answer 24

it reduces the creative capabilities

Question 25

Explain genre based literacy

Answer 25

until the 1970’s, teaching of writing focused on technical accuracy rather than text as a whole

Question 26

Who researched genre based literacy and what did they find

Answer 26

Jean Rothery
80’s
introduced a more functional approach looking at purpose of writing

Question 27

How is genre based literacy taught

Answer 27

deconstruction
joint construction
independant construction

Question 28

Explain Brittons model of how children develop understanding of the functions of language

Answer 28

3 types of writing
expressive - expression of self, egocentrism
poetic - craft of writing = imagery, rhyme
transactional - separating own identity, impersonal tone

Question 29

What is cursive script

Answer 29

joined and flowy

Question 30

What is print handwriting

Answer 30

separate letters

Question 31

What is casual cursive

Answer 31

a mix of both

Question 32

What type of sentences do children write first

Answer 32

declarative

Question 33

What is a diminutive

Answer 33

a word made cute such as shoesies