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Learning Theory Definitions > Learning Theory Definitions > Flashcards

Learning Theory Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

negative

A

removing something

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2
Q

Primary Reinforcer

A

inherently reinforcing to the learner

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3
Q

Secondary Reinforcer

A

been paired with or predicts a primary reinforcer

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4
Q

Tertiary Reinforcer

A

been paired with or predicts a secondary reinforcer; behavior chains

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5
Q

Stimulus

A

elicits a behavior

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6
Q

Response

A

behavior elicited by stimulus

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7
Q

Positive

A

adding something

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8
Q

Antecedent

A

something that comes before, often a stimulus or cue

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9
Q

Behavior

A

something that the learner does in response to the antecedent; in operant learning this is how the learner influences their environment

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10
Q

Consequence

A

what occurs in response to the learner’s chosen behavior (ie. reinforcer, punisher, nothing, ect)

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11
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

Learner has learned that they are incapable of escaping punishment and cease offering a behavior

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12
Q

Learned Irrelevance

A

learner has learned that punisher is not of significant enough power to override the value of a reinforcer

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13
Q

Unconditioned

A

a stimulus, response, etc that has an association but is not learned; often initiates a reflex

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14
Q

Conditioned

A

a stimulus, response, ect that has been taught to have an association for the learner

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15
Q

Counter-Conditioned

A

a stimulus, response, ect that has a new, redefined associate than previously learned

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16
Q

Neutral

A

a stimulus that has no learned or reflexive association for the learner

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17
Q

Stimulus

A

something that elicits a behavior

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18
Q

Response

A

the behavior elicited by a stimulus

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19
Q

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

A

a stimulus that has no inherent or learned association

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20
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS or US)

A

a stimulus with inherent or reflexive associations, ex. food

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21
Q

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

A

a reflexive behavior to a UCS, ex. salivation in the presence of food

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22
Q

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A

a stimulus with a learned association

23
Q

Conditioned Response (CR or CER)

A

a response to a CS

24
Q

Desensitization (DS)

A

controlled presentation of a CS at low enough levels that the learner can tolerate

25
Q

Counter-Conditioning (CC)/ Counter-Conditioned Stimulus (CCS)

A

pairing a sensitized CS with a UCS to change the association

26
Q

Habituation

A

allowing a learner to naturally “get used” to a neutral stimulus

27
Q

Extinction

A

CS returns to a NS due to lack of association pairing

28
Q

Extinction Burst

A

increase in degree of behavior that occurs immediately before extinction

29
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

repairing and recovery of an extinguished association

30
Q

Premack’s Principle

A

a more likely behavior can reinforce a less likely behavior

31
Q

Thorndike’s Law of Effect

A

behaviors are more likely to be repeated if they lead to satisfying consequences and less likely to be repeated if they lead to unsatisfying consequences; trial and error; practice improves performance; use it or lose it

32
Q

Prompting

A

verbal or physical triggering of a behavior

33
Q

Luring

A

using a food lure or target to guide the dog, usually by the nose, into performing a behavior

34
Q

Shaping

A

building a behavior via successive approximations and criteria shifts; breaking it down into small steps

35
Q

Targeting

A

providing a location for the nose or paw as a way of guiding behavior

36
Q

Modeling

A

also molding…placing hands on dog to guide into position or create behavior

37
Q

Capturing

A

caching and reinforcing a dog for performing a behavior spontaneously

38
Q

Ratio

A

of treats

39
Q

Continuous Ratio (CRF)

A

one treat for every correct response (coke machine)

40
Q

Fixed Ratio (FR)

A

one treat for a fixed number/ set number of responses (payday)

41
Q

Variable Ratio (VR)

A

the number of correct responses necessary to receive reinforcement varies and is not set (slot machine)

42
Q

Post-Reinforcement Pause

A

a phenomena that occurs as a dip in performance immediately following reinforcement on a fixed ratio (the weekend)

43
Q

Interval

A

time

44
Q

Fixed Interval (FI)

A

one treat for the first correct response within a certain time period

45
Q

Variable Interval (VI)

A

the interval that lapses before the next treat can be earned varies

46
Q

High Response Rate (DRH)

A

reinforcement is delivered depending on how quickly the response follows the last response

47
Q

Low Response Rate (LRH)

A

reinforcement is delivered depending on how slowly the response follows the last response

48
Q

Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)

A

reinforcement only occurs for behaviors that counter or are specifically incompatible with the behavior we are “training out”

49
Q

Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)

A

reinforcement of any behavior that is NOT the behavior we are “training out”

50
Q

Reinforcement of Excellent Behavior (DRE)

A

only reinforcing quality responses, ex. speed, accuracy, specific location, position, ect

51
Q

NS + UCS = CS

A

creating a condition stimulus (good or bad association)

52
Q

CS/CER + UCS/UR = CCS/ New CER

A

counter-conditioning a stimulus with a previously bad association to one with a new, good association

53
Q

DS/CC

A

desensitization and counter-conditioning

54
Q

A > B > C

A

antecedent > behavior > consequence

the order of operations for operant conditioning

Learning Theory Definitions (4 decks)

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