learning theory

Question 1

Ecology of human development

Answer 1

concept that children grow up and develop in different systems, all nested within one another.

• microsystem
• mesosystem
• exosystem
• macrosystem
• chronosystem

Question 2

Family System Theory

Answer 2

Families are groups of interrelated people.

• Boundaries: family’s idea about togetherness or separateness. independent vs greater control
• Roles: responsibilities or jobs signed to different family members.
• Rules: families use to guide their interactions with each other. the concept about men and women duties.

Question 3

John Dewey

four primary interests of children

Answer 3

• Desire to investigate and discover things
• Need to communicate
• Joy in construction
• Artistic expression

Question 4

Jean Piaget

constructivism

Answer 4

Children’s building or constructing knowledge and how they adapt to the environment.
Processes involved in adapting:
- interaction with people and object
- assimilation and accommodation:
assimilation: process of incorporating new information into an exiting concept
accommodation: process of changing an exiting concept to include new information.

Question 5

Jean Piaget

Stages of Cognitive Development

Answer 5

• Sensorimotor stage (0-2): gain information about the world through motor activity and coordinating movements as well as through the senses. emerge of using symbols
• Preoperational stage (2-7):
  Represent experience
  Deferred imitation
  Egocentric: focus on their own viewpoint
  use symbols to represent their experience and mental health
  capture about how things happens not their relevant things.
  cannot reverse things.
• Concrete Operation stage (7-11):
  can reverse
  more logically but limited on concrete object
• Formal Operation stage (11- rest of life)
  logic to abstract ideas
  think through problems more efficiency
  solve problems using different ways.

Question 6

Lev Vygotsky

Scaffolding

Answer 6

modify support as children develop new knowledge or skills

scaffolding help children become autonomous and self-controlled.

Question 7

Lev Vygotsky

Zone of proximal development

Answer 7

the space or zone where learning and development take place

Question 8

Adult-child dialogue or discourse

Answer 8

talking about the tasks that a child can accomplish with adult help.

Question 9

Erik Erikson

Stages of psychosocial development

Answer 9

• Trust vs mistrust (0-18 months)
• autonomy vs shame/doubt (18-3years)
• initiative vs guilt (3-5)
• industry vs inferiority (6-12)
• identity vs role confusion (adolescence)
• intimacy vs role confusion
• generatively vs stagnation
• integrity vs despair

Question 10

Abraham Maslow

hierarchy of human needs

Answer 10

physiological needs– security needs – social needs – esteem needs – self-actualizing needs

Question 11

Alfred Adler

mistaken goal

Answer 11

undue attention
seeking power
revenge
displaying inadequacy or incompetence

Question 12

Carol Rogers

Answer 12

figuring out who own the problem
listen actively when the child own the problem
delivering i-message when adult own the problem
- Give observable data (what you saw, heard, smelled, touched)
- State the tangible effects
- Say how you felt
- Focus on change.