Learning Theories- Behaviorism Flashcards
Who is one pioneer for Behaviorism?
BF Skinner
What was Skinner’s focus?
- operant conditioning
- behavioral approach to learning
What do behaviorists identify as a universal process?
conditioning
What is Operant Conditioning?
-when a stimulus response to a stimulus is reinforced
Behavior is what because it is what?
a function of its consequences; learned
What is the A-B-C Analysis?
A- Antecedents
B- Behavior
C- Consequences
What is the Antecedent?
- what happens before the B and makes it more likely to occur
ex. seating away from problem children/closer to teacher
What is the Behavior?
- observable, measurable, operationally-defined
ex. how a child acts aggressively
What is the Consequence?
-what occurs IMMEDIATELY after a B occurs to reinforce or punish B
What does Positive/Negative mean?
+ add to environment/given to individual
- remove from environment/taken from individual
What does Reinforcement/Punishment mean?
(rein) makes the B more likely to be repeated
(pun) makes the B not likely to be repeated
What is Positive Reinforcement?
When something is added/given to make the B more likely to occur
What is Positive Punishment?
When something is added/given to make the B not likely to occur
What is Negative Reinforcement?
When something is removed/taken to make the B more likely to occur
What is Negative Punishment?
When something is removed/taken to make the B not likely to occur
What are the types of Reinforcers?
Primary- satisfies basic needs (food)
Token- object to be traded in (points/stars)
Activity- free/fun time
Social- interaction, attention, acknowledgement
How can Behavior be modified?
- begin a new behavior
- increase frequency of behavior
- maintain occurrence of behavior
- decrease/eliminate behavior
What are techniques for “Begin New Behavior”?
- modeling
- shaping
- prompting
- chaining/backwards
- errorless discrimination(child can’t lose)
- positive reinforcement
What is Overcorrection?
Child made a mess at lunch so they have to clean their area and other areas throughout the cafeteria
