Learning Theories Flashcards
Learning theories assumptions
- behaviour is learned in response to environmental stimuli
- behaviour can be learned from observation and imitation
Classical conditioning
Form of learning where a neutral stimulus is associated with an unconditioned stimulus taking on its properties so that a new stimulus-response is learned
Conditioned response (CR)
The response produced by the CS on it own. A new association has been formed so that the NS now produces the UCR
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
A stimulus that only produces the desired response after pairing with the UCS
Neutral stimulus (NS)
Any stimulus that does not produce the desired response. It becomes a conditioned stimulus after being paired with the UCS
Unconditioned response (UCR)
An unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Any stimulus that produces a response without learning taking place
Operant conditioning
A form of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences: reinforcement
Reinforcement
A behaviour is followed by a consequence that increases the probability of th behaviour being repeated
Punishment
The consequence of behaviour is unpleasant, making the behaviour less likely to be repeated
Two parts to motivation
-Intrinsic motivation
-extrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation
Engaging on behaviour to gain an external reward (e.g. praise, money) or avoid external punishment (e.g. being told off).
Intrinsic motivation
Engaging in behaviour for an internal reward, such as personal pleasure, enjoyment, challenge, or interest
Self-determination theory
We move in a continuum between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. The two sets of factors expresses the extent to which our behaviour is self determined
Social learning theory
Occurs when a learner observes a model’s behaviour being reinforced. Therefore, the learner will probably imitate the model
