Learning Theories Flashcards
Two assumptions ( learning theories )
- Behaviour results from direct environmental stimuli.
- Behaviour is learnt from observing and imitating other people.
What is Classical conditioning?
It’s a form of learning where a neutral stimulus is associated with an unconditioned stimulus, so that a new stimulus response is learned.
What is a Neutral stimulus (NS) ?
A stimulus that does not produce a response
What is an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?
Any stimulus that produces a response without learning taking place.
What is an Unconditioned Response (UCR)?
An unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus.
What is a Conditioned stimulus (CS)?
It’s a learned behaviour that occurs when a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
What is a Conditioned Response (CR) ?
The response produced by the Conditioned stimulus on its own, which is taught by the environment.
What is a Negative Punishment ?
Remove pleasant stimulus to decrease behaviour.
What is a Positive Punishment ?
Add aversive stimulus to decrease behaviour.
What is Positive Reinforcement?
Add a pleasant stimulus to increase/maintain behaviour.
What is Negative Reinforcement ?
Remove aversive stimulus to increase/ maintain behaviour.
What is Operant conditioning?
A form of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences.
What is Extrinsic motivation?
Engaging in a behaviour to gain an external reward to avoid external punishment.
What is Intrinsic motivation?
Engaging in a behaviour for an internal reward such as personal pleasure, enjoyment, challenge or interest.
What is the Self-determination Theory?
Behaviour is usually motivated by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which exists on a continuum.
What is Vicarious reinforcement?
Vicarious reinforcement occurs when a learner observes a model behaviour being reinforced.
What is modelling ?
Demonstrating a behaviour to other people.
What is the Social Learning Theory (SLT) ?
The SLT is how learning often occurs without direct reinforcement. Instead, a behaviour can be learned indirectly just by observing and imitating another individual whose behaviour has been reinforced.
