learning outcomes chapter 1

Question 1

Define anatomy

Answer 1

study of the structure of the human body

Question 2

Define physiology

Answer 2

study of the function of the human body

Question 3

describe macroscopic anatomy

Answer 3

study of small body structures

ex: cytology, histology

Question 4

describe microscopic anatomy

Answer 4

Study of large body structures

Ex: heart, kidneys

Question 5

Describe the universal characteristics of living things.

Answer 5

Reproduction
growth
metabolism
responsiveness
use energy

Question 6

Discuss the survival needs of living things.

Answer 6

Nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temperature, appropriate atmospheric pressure

Question 7

Identify the 11 organ systems of the human body

Answer 7

1. Itegumentary
2. Skeletal system
3. Muscular system
4. Nervous system
5. Endocrine system
6. Cardiovascular system
7. Lymphatic/ immune system
8. Respiratory system
9. Digestive system
10. Urinary system
11. Reproductive system

Question 8

itegumentary -describe its major functions and list the organs associated with it

Answer 8

Itegumentary- protect the body, synthesize vit D (skin hair nails)

Question 9

Skeletal system- describe its major functions and list the organs associated with it

Answer 9

Skeletal system- protect/supports body organs (bones)

Question 10

Muscular system- describe its major functions and list the organs associated with it

Answer 10

Muscular system- maintains posture, produces heat, locomotion (skeletal muscles)

Question 11

Nervous system- describe its major functions and list the organs associated with it

Answer 11

Nervous system- control system of body, reacts to internal/external stimulus (brain, nerves, spinal cord)

Question 12

Endocrine system- describe its major functions and list the organs associated with it

Answer 12

Endocrine system- secrete hormones (thyroid, pineal, adrenal, pituitary, pancreas, testis, ovaries, thymus )

Question 13

Cardiovascular system- describe its major functions and list the organs associated with it

Answer 13

Cardiovascular system- transports blood (heart, veins, blood vessels)

Question 14

lymphatic system- describe its major functions and list the organs associated with it

Answer 14

disposes of debris, houses white blood cells (Lymph nodes, spleen, thoracic)

Question 15

Respiratory system- describe its major functions and list the organs associated with it

Answer 15

gas exchange ( lungs, bronchus, nasal cavity)

Question 16

Digestive system- describe its major functions and list the organs associated with it

Answer 16

breaks down food (stomach, intestines, oral cavity esophagus)

Question 17

Urinary system- describe its major functions and list the organs associated with it

Answer 17

Eliminates nitrogenous waste, regulates water (ureters, kidney, bladder urethra)

Question 18

Reproductive system- describe its major functions and list the organs associated with it

Answer 18

reproduce offspring (testis, ovaries, penis, vagina)

Question 19

What is homeostasis?

Answer 19

maintaining relatively steady internal conditions ex: ph, temperature, water

Question 20

What is negative feedback give an example

Answer 20

In negative feedback systems
the output shuts off the original stimulus
Ex: Regulation of body temperature

Question 21

What is positive feedback? give an example

Answer 21

In positive feedback systems, the output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus, may exhibit a cascade or amplifying effect and usually controls infrequent events
Ex: Regulation of blood clotting

Question 22

what is superior?

Answer 22

towards the head

Question 23

what is inferior?

Answer 23

Away from the head

Question 24

what is anterior/ventral?

Answer 24

toward the front

Question 25

what is posterior/ dorsal?

Answer 25

toward the back

Question 26

what is medial?

Answer 26

toward the mid-line of the body?

Question 27

what is intermediate?

Answer 27

between 2 structures

Question 28

what is proximal?

Answer 28

closer to the body part under discussion

Question 29

what is superficial?

Answer 29

toward the surface

Question 30

what is distal?

Answer 30

away from the body part under discussion

Question 31

What is deep?

Answer 31

away from the surface

Question 32

what is the axial region?

Answer 32

main axis of body (head to foot)

Question 33

what is the appendicular region?

Answer 33

appendages

Question 34

what is the Body Plane?

Answer 34

Flat surface along which body or structure is cut for anatomical study

Question 35

what is the sagittal plane?

Answer 35

sheet dividing left & right

Question 36

what is median/misagittal?

Answer 36

left and right equal halves

Question 37

what is parasagittal?

Answer 37

unequal left and right pieces

Question 38

What are frontal planes?

Answer 38

sheet diving dorsal and ventral

Question 39

what are transverse/horizontal planes?

Answer 39

cross section

Question 40

Orbital cavities

Answer 40

in skull housing eyes

Question 41

Middle ear cavities

Answer 41

lie within skull and house auditory bones

Question 42

Synovial cavities

Answer 42

lines joints

Question 43

Nasal cavity

Answer 43

part of upper respiratory system

Question 44

Oral and digestive cavities

Answer 44

mouth and upper digestive tract