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Sports > Learning Outcome 3 > Flashcards

Learning Outcome 3 Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

Vena cava

A

Carries deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

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2
Q

Right atrium

A

Caries deoxygenated blood through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle

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3
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Prevents deoxygenated blood going back into right atrium

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4
Q

Right ventricle

A

Caries deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary artery

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5
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Stops deoxygenated blood going back to right ventricle

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6
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Caries deoxygenated blood to lungs which is turned into oxygenated blood

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7
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

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8
Q

Left atrium

A

Carries oxygenated blood through bicuspid valve to left ventricle

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9
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Prevents oxygenated blood going back into left atrium

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10
Q

Left ventricle

A

Carries oxygenated blood to aorta

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11
Q

Aortic valve

A

Prevents oxygenated blood going back into left atrium

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12
Q

Aorta

A

Carries oxygenated blood to establish of body, muscles

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13
Q

Stroke volume

A

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle in each beat
Typical stroke volume is 70 ml

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14
Q

Heart rate

A

The number of times the heart beats per minute
Typical resting is between 60-80

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15
Q

Cardiac output

A

The volume of blood pumped from the heart per minute. Typical in 5000 ml

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16
Q

Estimating stroke volume

A

Cardiac output / Heart rate

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17
Q

Estimating cardiac output

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

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18
Q

Maximum heart rate

A

Stroke volume x maximal heart rate
Maximal heart rate = 220- age

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19
Q

Arteries

A
  • thick tunica
  • thick muscular walls
  • small lumen
  • elastin so can change shape and stretch
  • high pressure
  • no valves
20
Q

Arterioles

A
  • link between artery and capillary
  • small diameter but change shape to control blood flow to capillaries
  • have pre capillary sphincter can contract and divert blood
  • thinner muscular walls than artery’s
  • small lumen
  • high pressure
21
Q

Capillaries

A
  • 02 and nutrients diffuse to tissue
  • one cell thick walls
  • very small lumen
    Thin tunica
  • low pressure
    No pocket valves
22
Q

Venues

A
  • connect veins and capillaries
  • thin muscular walls
  • large lumen
  • thin tunica
    Low pressure
    No pocket valves
23
Q

Veins

A
  • carry blood towards the heart
  • thin muscular walls
  • large lumen
    -thin tunica
    Low pressure
  • has pocket valves
24
Q

Plasma

A
  • make up 50% of our blood volume
  • enables cells, nutrients and hormones transport around body quickly and effectively e.g o2 and c02
25
Q

Platelets

A
  • essential component of blood
  • stop bleeding
  • prevent infection getting into body systems from external injures
26
Q

White blood cells

A
  • make up immune system
    • blood caries floating white blood cells
  • protection and fighting foreign bodies and infection
  • keeps body healthy
27
Q

Red blood cells

A

Transports 02
Attaches haemoglobin forms oxyhemoglobin
Provides muscle cells with 02 produce enzyme activity - for aerobic respiration

28
Q

Vascular shunt mechanism

A
  • blood is distributed to the muscles,heart, lungs and brain to receive sufficient oxygen during exercise
29
Q

arterioles

A
  • link between arteries and capillaries
  • small in diameter
  • control blood flow to capillaries
30
Q

Vasodilation

A
  • arterioles - lumen widens so increases in diameter- more blood to muscles
31
Q

Vasoconstriction

A
  • narrowing and decrease in diameter of arterioles going to kidney , liver and intestines, reduces blood flow
32
Q

Pre- capillary sphincters

A
  • contract and divert blood
  • open for capillaries feeding muscle
  • between arterioles and capillaries- act as door, open and close
33
Q

Distribution before exercise

A

Blood goes to organs, not muscles

34
Q

During exercise , distribution of blood

A

Blood goes to muscles as needed to be used for oxygen

35
Q

Short term effects cardiovascular

A

Heart rate
Stroke volume
Cardiac output
Vasodilation of arterioles
Vascular shunt mechanism
Blood pressure

36
Q

Heart rate

A

Increases in heart rate so more oxygen to muscles for exercise

37
Q

Stroke volume

A

Increase in stroke volume so meet demand for oxygen

38
Q

Cardiac output

A

Increases so can meet demand for oxygen

39
Q

Vasodilation of arterioles

A

Arterioles widen increasing blood flow to meet demand for oxygen

40
Q

Vascular shunt mechanism

A

Blood diverted to areas of need so more blood to working muscles so more oxygen for exercise

41
Q

Blood pressure

A

Increases so more blood to muscles so more O2

42
Q

Long term effects Cardiovascular system

A
  • resting HR
  • exercising stroke volume
  • cardiac muscle
  • red blood cells
  • maximal cardiac output
43
Q

Resting heart rate

A
  • decrease in HR
  • heart become more efficient
  • cardiac muscle bigger so stroke volume increases- less stress on heart
44
Q

Exercising stroke volume

A
  • increases
  • heart has capacity to work harder -more blood to working muscles
45
Q

Cardiac muscles

A

Increases
- produces more forceful contractions

46
Q

Red blood cells

A
  • increases
  • more 02 to muscles for exercise
47
Q

Maximal cardiac output

A
  • increases
  • increase in cardiovascular endurance

Sports (4 decks)

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