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Sports > Learning Outcome 2 > Flashcards

Learning Outcome 2 Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

Muscles in shoulder

A
  • anterior deltoid
  • posterior deltoid
  • deltoid
  • latissimus dorsi
  • trapezius
  • pectoral is major
  • teres major
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2
Q

Anterior deltoid movement

A

Flexion

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3
Q

Posterior deltoid movement

A

Extension

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4
Q

Deltoid movement

A

Abduction

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5
Q

Latissimus dorsi movement

A

Adduction

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6
Q

Trapezius movement

A

Medial rotation

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7
Q

Pectoralis major movement

A

Horizontal Flexion

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8
Q

Teres major movement

A

Lateral rotation

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9
Q

Muscles at the elbow

A
  • bicep brachii
  • tricep brachii
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10
Q

Bicep brachii movement

A

Flexion

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11
Q

Tricep brachii movement

A

Extension

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12
Q

Wrist muscles

A
  • wrist flexors
  • wrist extensors
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13
Q

Wrist flexors movement

A

Flexion

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14
Q

Wrist extensors movement

A

Extension

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15
Q

Radio ulna joint muscles

A
  • Pronator teres
  • supinator muscles
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16
Q

Pronator teres movement

A

Pronation

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17
Q

Supinator muscle movement

A

Supination

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18
Q

Hip muscles

A
  • gluteus minimus
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus medius
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor Magnus
  • adductor longus
  • illiposoas
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19
Q

Gluteus muscles movement

A
  • abduction and extension
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20
Q

Illiopsoas movement

A

Flexion

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21
Q

Adductor muscles movement

A

Adduction

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22
Q

Muscles in the knee

A
  • bicep femoris
  • semimembranous
  • semitendanous
  • recuts femoris
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius
    Vastus lateralis
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23
Q

Bicep femoris
Semimembranous
Semitendanous
Movements

A

Flexion

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24
Q

recuts femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis

A

Extension

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25
Q

Ankle muscles

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
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26
Q

Tibiallis anterior movement

A

Dorsi- Flexion

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27
Q

-soleus and gastrocnemius movements

A

Plantar Flexion

28
Q

Agonist

A
  • group of muscles responsible for movement occurring
  • muscles contract and shorten to cause movement
29
Q

Antagonist

A
  • group of muscles that relaxes in response to active muscle contracting
  • relaxes and lengthens
30
Q

Fixator

A
  • muscle/ groups of muscles that stabilise a joint
  • holds body still
31
Q

Isometric

A
  • muscles contract and no change in length of contracting muscle
32
Q

Concentric

A

Causes muscle to shorten

33
Q

Eccentric

A

Causes muscle to lengthen as it contracts

34
Q

Slow oxidative muscle fibre ( type 1a)

A
  • red in colour
  • high volume of myoglobin
  • can produce repeated muscle contractions
  • very resistant to fatigue
  • high presence of oxygen
  • works aerobically
  • produces lots of energy ( ATP)
  • large no. Of mitochondria
  • marathon runner
35
Q

Fast oxidative muscle fibres ( type 11a)

A
  • 800m runner
  • produce fast bursts of energy
  • produce fast and strong muscle contractions
  • work anaerobically and aerobically
  • produce less ATP( slow rate)
36
Q

Fast glycolytic ( type 11b)

A
  • works anaerobically
  • white in colour
  • produces very powerful contractions
  • fatigue occurs rapidly
  • produce ATP ( slow rate)
  • fewer mitochondria
37
Q

Hypertrophy

A

An increase in muscle size

38
Q

Hyperplasia

A

The muscle fibres split to increase their number

39
Q

Contraction times

A

The speed at which your muscle fibres contract

40
Q

Motor neuron

A

Number of muscle fibres attached to a single nerve, the more fibres the greater the contraction

41
Q

Resistance to fatigue

A

How quickly muscle fibres get tired

42
Q

Force production

A

How hard muscle fibres contract

43
Q

Mitochondria

A

Provide energy to muscle fibres using oxygen

44
Q

Capillary density

A

Provide opportunity for 02 to diffuse into muscles, the higher the density, provides more 02

45
Q

Oxidative capacity

A

Indicates the muscle capacity to use 02 when working linked to no. Of mitochondria and capillaries

46
Q

Glycolytic capacity

A

Body’s capacity to use glycogen when working. Muscle contract without 02 available

47
Q

Major fuel

A

Muscle fibres prefer to use, triglycerides require lots of 02 being used as energy source. Glycogen and creative phosphate can be used as energy source without 02 present

48
Q

Type 1 ( slow oxidative ) characteristics
- contraction time
- some of motor neuron
- resistance to fatigue
- activity used for
- force production
- mitochondrial density
- capillary density
- oxidative density
- glycolytic density
- major fuel storage

A

Slow
Small
High
Aerobically
Low
High
High
High
Low
Triglycerides

49
Q

Type 11a ( fast oxidative )

  • contraction time
  • some of motor neuron
  • resistance to fatigue
  • activity used for
  • force production
  • mitochondrial density
  • capillary density
  • oxidative density
  • glycolytic density
  • major fuel storage
A

Fast
Large
Medium
Long term anaerobically
Medium
High
Medium
High
High
CP + glycogen

50
Q

Type 11B ( fast glycolytic )

  • contraction time
  • some of motor neuron
  • resistance to fatigue
  • activity used for
  • force production
  • mitochondrial density
  • capillary density
  • oxidative density
  • glycolytic density
  • major fuel storage
A
  • very fast
  • very large
  • low
    Anaerobically
    High
    Low
    Low
    Low
    High
    Cp+ glycogen
51
Q

Short term effect

A

Increases energy production
Increase speed of muscle contractions
Increase blood flow
Increase muscle temperature
Increase oxygen delivery
Decreases blood viscosity
Increase in muscle flexibility

52
Q

Increase in energy production

A
  • increase in enzyme and energy production in the muscle cells
  • muscles will get less tired
  • if overuse muscles can lead to injury
53
Q

Increase speed of muscle contraction

A
  • stronger muscle contractions ensure we can produce more forceful contractions over great range
  • muscles more powerful
  • muscles may become fatigued
54
Q

Increase blood flow

A
  • blood pressure increases and blood flow around body increases
  • blood transports nutrients to body
  • blood pressure rising so could cause fatigue
55
Q

Increase in muscle temperature

A
  • increases blood flow and temp of muscles, increases elasticity
  • muscles more pliable so less likely to get injured
  • if not increased, muscles injured
56
Q

Increase io oxygen delivery

A
  • blood flow increases and delivers oxygen to muscles
  • 02 to muscles so can exercise longer
  • to much 02 can turn into c02
57
Q

Decrease in blood viscosity

A

Increase in heat, warms blood, decreases viscosity making blood flow easier
- more 02 to muscles
- can bleed easier

58
Q

Increase in muscle flexibility

A
  • increase in elasticity, so muscles become more pliable
  • more pliable to decrease in likelihood of injury
  • if muscles aren’t flexible, can case injury
59
Q

Long term effects on muscle system

A
  • increased muscle hypertrophy
  • increased number of muscle fibres
  • increased fuel sources
  • capillary density
  • resistance to fatigue
  • increased force production
60
Q

Increased muscle hypertrophy

A
  • increased thickness of muscle fibres, improves strength and contraction speed
  • increase in strength and power
  • too much muscle, weigh down and not as flexible
61
Q

Increased number of muscle fibres

A
  • increase in muscle hyperplasia- no of muscle fibres, increased strength of contraction and increased motor neuron size
    Increased contractions
    Less flexible
62
Q

Increased fuel sources

A
  • increase in fuel sources, CP, triglycerides and glycogen
  • store more fuels
63
Q

Capillary density

A
  • Type 11a and Type 11b develop bigger and more efficient capillary bed, increase in mitochondria density
  • more 02, ore energy and exercise longer
64
Q

Resistance to fatigue

A
  • more resistant more exercise- contract longer- coping with stress for longer
65
Q

Increased force production

A
  • muscle fibres more forceful and therefore can produce more speed, strength and power with contractions
  • increase in speed and power
  • too much muscles, won’t feel benefit

Sports (4 decks)

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