Learning Outcome 1

Question 1

Identify each part of a grape and what it provides to the wine maker.

Answer 1

1. Skin - color, tannins, flavor
2. Pulp - sugar, acids, water, flavor
3. Seeds and stems - tannins

Question 2

What does a vine require to grow grapes?

Answer 2

Warmth

Sunlight - allows vines to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce sugar

Water

Nutrients

Carbon dioxide

Question 3

What are the stages of grape formation?

Answer 3

1. Flowering
2. Fruit set
3. Véraison

Question 4

What are the stages of ripeness?

Answer 4

1. Unripe
2. Ripe
3. Extra ripe (late harvest, raisined)

Question 5

What are general component changes as grapes ripen?

Answer 5

1. Color - start out small, hard, green, then become white or black
2. Sugar rises
3. Tannins develop on the skins
4. Acidity drops

Question 6

What are general aroma/flavor changes as grapes ripen?

Answer 6

White grapes:
Herbaceous flavors decrease. Can change from green fruit to stone fruit and tropical fruit.

Black grapes:
Fresh fruit to cooked fruit

Question 7

What are the general climatic influences?

Answer 7

1. Cool 16.5 C (62 F) or below
2. Moderate 16.5 C (62 F) to 18.5 (65 F)
3. Warm 18.5 C (65 F) to 21 C (70 F)

Question 8

What are other climatic influences besides temperature?

Answer 8

Latitude
Altitude
Mountains 
Slope
Aspect
Soils
Seas
Rivers
Air
Fog
Cloud
Mist

Question 9

What are weather influences in the vineyard?

Answer 9

Drought

Frost

Hail

Rain

Sunlight

Temperature

Question 10

Identify the grape-growing options in the vineyard.

Answer 10

Training

Pruning - done in the winter when vines are dormant

Irrigation

Spraying

Organic production

Yield

Harvest

Question 11

What are the grape-growing options for concentrating sugars?

Answer 11

Extra-ripe grapes

Botrytis

Frozen grapes

Question 12

What is the labeling term relating to vine age?

Answer 12

Old Vine/Vielles Vignes

Question 13

What are the labeling terms related to grape growing options?

Answer 13

Vintage

Vendanges Tardives (late harvest)

Botrytis / Noble Rot

Icewine / Eiswein

Question 14

What is a GI?

Answer 14

Geographical Indication

• legally defined vineyard within a country
• can cover an entire region or can be a single vineyard
• not every wine comes from a GI

Question 15

Identify the 2 groups GIs are subdivided into in the EU.

Answer 15

PDO - Protected Designation of Origin

• small areas, tight regulations
• famous, prestigious wines

PGI - Protected Geographical Indication

• cover much wider areas, less regulations
• flexibility as to grapes they can grow and winemaking techniques

Question 16

Identify labeling terms in the EU for PGI wines (FR, IT, EP, GR).

Answer 16

Indication géographique protégée (IGP) / Vin de Pays (VdP)

Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT)

Vino de la Tierra

Landwein

Question 17

What are the PDO labeling terms for German wine?

Answer 17

Qualitätswein

Prädikatswein