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A&P - Cells, tissue, organs > Learning objectives - Ch 2 > Flashcards

Learning objectives - Ch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides body into left and right

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2
Q

Frontal (Coronal) plane

A

Divides the body from anterior and posterior

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3
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body into top and bottom

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4
Q

List 10 Anatomical body movements

A 
Flexion
Eversion
Extension
Medial rotation
Opposition
Supination
Plantarflexion
Adduction
Circumduction
Scapular elevation, depression
protraction
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5
Q

List 8 Anatomical postions

A 
Deep 
Superficial 
Lateral
Medial
Proximal
Distal 
Inferior
Superior
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6
Q

Function of bones (5)

A

Support the body
Protection of soft organs
Allows movement from attached skeletal muscles
Storage of fats and minerals in yellow bone marrow
Red bone marrow produces RBC n WBC

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7
Q

What are two types of bone tissue

A

Compact - homogeneous

Spongy bone - Small needle like pieces of bone (porous)

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8
Q

4 Classification of bone shape

A

Long - femur, humerus
Short - Carpals, tarsals
Flat - skull ribs
Irregular - Vertebrae

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9
Q

List the gross anatomy of a long bone

A

Diaphysis or shaft - compact bone

Epiphysis - Ends of bones

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10
Q

3 parts of Diaphysis

A

Periosteum - Outside covering of diaphysis, fibrous connective tissue
Sharpey’s fibers - secure periosteum to underlying bone
Arteries- supply bone cells with nutrients

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11
Q

Epiphysis

A

Articular cartilage - covers the surface, decrease friction

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12
Q

Medullary cavity (3)

A

Cavity of the shaft
Contains yellow marrow in adults and adipose tissue
Red marrow in infants, produces RBC WBC

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13
Q

5 Microscopic Anatomy of Compact bone

A

Osteocytes - Bone cell
Lacunae - Osteocytes which form in cavity
Lamellae - Name of the circular arrangement of lacunae
Central/Haversian canals - Canals which lamellae form around
Haversian system/Osteon - all 4 combined

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14
Q

Haversian canals

A

carry blood vessel and nerves

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15
Q

Volkman canals

A

run perpendicular to central canals

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16
Q

Spongy bone (3)

A

No haversian system
Consist of trabeculae
lighter then compact

17
Q

Axial skeleton (3)

A

Skull
Vertebral column
Bony Thorax

18
Q

Skull

A

Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital
consist of Cranium/Facial bones
joined by sutures

19
Q

Vertebrae Column

A 
Vertebrae separated by interverabral discs 
Cervical 7
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacral 
Coccyx
20
Q

Bony thorax

A

ribs, sternum, and vertebral column
True ribs 7
False ribs 5

21
Q

Sternum

A

manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

22
Q

Cervical :Atlas

A

C1
No body
Nodes Yes

23
Q

Cervical: Axis

A

C2
Pivots for rotation
shakes head NO
Dens process

24
Q

Cervical: C3-C7

A

Small, bifid spinous

Process foramen in transverse process

25
Q

Thoracic

A

Costal facets for articulation

Long downward pointing spinous processes

26
Q

Lumbar

A

Massive
Short spinous process
Strongest

27
Q

Sacrum and coccyx

A

5 fused vertebrae
Sacrum articulates with illium to make sacro-iliac joint
3-5 tiny irregular fused vertebrae “tailbone”

28
Q

The appendicular skeleton

A

Limbs - 126
Pectoral Girdle Clavicle and scapula
Pelvic Girdle - Hip bones, illium, ischium, and pubic bone

29
Q

Joints

A

Hold bones together with ligaments and capsules
Allow for mobility
Can be made up of 2 or more bones

30
Q

Synovial joints

A
  • Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule lined with synovial membrane
  • Joint cavity filled with synovial fluid
  • Ligaments reinforce the joint
  • Bursa and tendon sheaths also common close to synovial joints
31
Q

Ligaments

A
  • prevent excessive movement and help stabilize joint

- bones to bones

32
Q

Shoulder joints

A

Glenohumeral - glenoid fossa and clavicle
Acromioclavicular - Scapula and clavicle
Sternoclavicular - sternum and clavicle

33
Q

Elbow joints

A

Proximal and distal radionulnar

34
Q

Hand and Wrist Joints

A

Radiocarpal - distal radius with proximal wrist bones
Carpometacarpals - Trapezium and first metacarpal
Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) - mteacarpals and phalanges
Interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) between proximal and distal phalanges

35
Q

Hip - Coxal joint

A

Pelvis and Femur

36
Q

Sacroiliac SI joint

A

Sacrum and ilium

37
Q

Knee joints

A

Tibiofemoral - tibia and femur

Patellofemoral - Patella and Femur

38
Q

Ankle and foot joints

A

Talocrural “ankle joint”
Tarsometatarsals - tarsals and metatarsal
Metatarsophalangeal MTP
Interphalangeal (PIP, DIP)

39
Q

Shoulder ligaments

A

Acromioclavicular - Horizontal stability, thin covers lower point of joint
Coaracoacrominal/humeral - Arch and stability of shoulder joints and strengthens superior part of joint capsule

A&P - Cells, tissue, organs (2 decks)

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