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PID > Learning Objectives > Flashcards

Learning Objectives Flashcards

1
Q

What is epidemiology

A

Study and analysis of the distribution and determinants of health and disease conditions in populations

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2
Q

Why is it important in vetmed

A
  • Used in anamnesis and prevention of the disease
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3
Q

Diagnostic process

A
  • Anamnesis
  • Clinical Signs
  • Hypothesis
  • Test
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment and Prevention
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4
Q

Where in the diagnostic process is epidemiology important?

A

Anamnesis and Prevention

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5
Q

Different Study Designs

A
  • Analytical vs. Descriptive
  • Observational vs. experimental
  • cross-sectional vs. cohort
  • prospective vs. retrospective
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6
Q

Analytical vs descriptive

A 
Analytical = groups compared
Descriptive = no comparison
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7
Q

Observational vs. experimental

A

Was there control over variables in the study?

Observational = no control
Experimental = control over variables of the study
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8
Q

Cross-Sectional vs. Cohort

A

How many times were individuals seen?

Cross-sectional = only once
Cohort = many times
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9
Q

Prospective vs. Retrospective

A

Forward or backward timeline?

Prospective = forward
retrospective = backward
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10
Q

Rates

A

Numerator = number of animals that were effected

Denominator = total number of population at risk

30 deaths in 1000 dogs

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11
Q

Survalence

A

Ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data

*ONGOING SYSTEMATIC COLLECTION

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12
Q

Compartment model

A
  • Susceptible
  • Pathogen introduced
  • infected
  • infectious shedder
  • diseased
  • Carrier, recovery, death
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13
Q

Latent period

A

Time from infection to infected. The pathogen replicates in host, but isn’t shed yet

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14
Q

Infectious period

A

Pathogen is shed by the individual

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15
Q

Incubation period

A

Time from infection to onset of disease. The pathogen is replicated but there are not clinical signs yet

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16
Q

Symptomatic period

A

Observation of clinical signs

17
Q

Epidemic (Epizootic)

A

Excessive occurrence of a disease in a particular geographical region

18
Q

Endemic (Enzootic)

A

Disease that is habitually present in a particular geographical region

19
Q

Pandemic (Panzootic)

A

Epidemic on a worldwide scale

20
Q

Causation of Epidemiology

A
  1. The stronger the association between a risk factor and an outcome
  2. Must have the same findings in different populations
  3. The exposure must precede the outcome
  4. Presence of a potential biological mechanism
  5. Does the removal of the exposure alter the frequency of the outcome?

PID (2 decks)

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