Learning Objectives 1

Question 1

Explain/define physical change

Answer 1

Physical change: relates to the physical characteristics of matter such as color, shape, melting pt, boiling pt, density, etc.
- A physical change can be observed or performed w/o changing the composition or chemical properties.
Ex.) boiling water, tearing a piece of paper, dissolving salt in water.

Question 2

Explain/define chemical change

Answer 2

A chemical change: refers to the composition of matter. Therefore, undergoing a chemical change changes the composition to make a new product that is chemically different from the original.

Question 3

What are the different states of matter?

Answer 3

Solid, liquid, and gas

Question 4

List the characteristics of a solid

Answer 4

• Has a fixed shape

Question 5

List the characteristics of a liquid

Answer 5

• Has a varying shape. Takes the shape of its container
• Has a flat upper surface
• molecules are positioned close together but are random

Question 6

List the characteristics of a gas

Answer 6

• Has no shape.
• molecules are positioned randomly far from each other Takes the shape of the container
• has the largest kinetic energy, therefore have the least attraction between them.

Question 7

Which of the following are physical properties?

A. Melting pt. 
B. Temperature 
C. Boiling pt
D. Density 
E. flammability

Answer 7

A, B, C, & D

Question 8

Which of the following are Chemical properties?

A. Toxicity
B. Volume 
C. Acidity 
D. Heat of combustion 
E. Color

Answer 8

A, C, & D

Question 9

Define atom

Answer 9

The basic unit of matter. Contains protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 10

Define element

Answer 10

A specific species of atoms. Has a certain number of protons

Question 11

Define molecule

Answer 11

2 or more atoms of an element (identical)

* often interchanged with the word compound

Question 12

Define compound

Answer 12

2 or more different elements bonded together

Question 13

What is molecular Oxygen?

Answer 13

O2

Question 14

What is the scientific method process?

Answer 14

1. Observation- What we can see
2. Hypothesis- What we are testing for and has not been proven yet
3. Procedure- the steps taken to test the hypothesis, if true or not
4. Results- based on the procedure
5. Discussion- what do these results say or not say
6. Conclusion- what do these results mean with respect to the hypothesis? what can be concluded with the given info

Question 15

Volume units

Answer 15

m^3
cm^3
Liters

Question 16

mass units

Answer 16

grams, kilograms, etc

Question 17

length (area)

Answer 17

meter^2, cm^2, etc

Question 18

temperature

Answer 18

Celcius (C), Kelvin (K), and Fahrenheit (F)

Question 19

Compare mass and weight

Answer 19

Mass: mass is a property of matter.

• the mass of an object is the same everywhere
• can never be zero
• scalar quantity
• mass= Kg or g

Weight: weight depends on the effect of gravity.

• it varies depending on the location
• can be zero, if no gravity acts on an object
• vector quanity
• weight = (mass)(gravity) = N (newtons)

Question 20

Compare heat and temperature

Answer 20

Heat: heat is a form of energy (thermal energy)

• is exchangeable
• cannot be measured unless flowing from one “body” to another
• not a property of matter
• quantified in joules

Temperature: temp. is the degree of hotness or coldness of a “body”, not energy

• not exchangeable
• can be measured
• the avg. K.E of molecules in a substance
• Measured in C, Kelvin, or F

Question 21

Compare intensive and extensive

Answer 21

Intensive: intensive properties do not vary depending on the amount of material

Ex.) melting pt, boiling pt, viscosity, temperature

Extensive: extensive properties vary depending on how much material is present

Ex.) Volume, mass

Question 22

Accuracy vs. Precision

Answer 22

Accuracy: result is IDENTICAL to the accepted value

Precision: result is CLOSE BUT NOT EXACTLY the accepted value. results are also close to each other in range

Question 23

systematic error vs. random

Answer 23

systematic error: instrument/system is responsible for the error. the error is also reoccurring

random: a combination of instrument and human error or one or the other, but the error is infrequent.

Question 24

absolute percent error equation

Answer 24

% error = |theoretical value - experimental value / theoretical value| x 100

theoretical = measured…actual…true

Question 25

Density (p)

Answer 25

p= mass/volume = grams/cm^3 [kg/m^3 or g/cm^3]

Question 26

Temperature in kelvin

Answer 26

K= C + 273 
C= (F - 32)/ 1.8