Learning Objectives 1 Flashcards
Describe RISK as it pertains to epidemiology.
Risk involves understanding the transmission of a disease by measuring frequency and prevalence, impact on society, and the extent of morbidity and mortality.
Describe RATE as it pertains to epidemiology.
This is the MOST IMPORTANT measurement of disease.
It identifies high risk groups, and relates cases (or events) to a population base.
Ex. - # patients with HIV/# people at risk to get HIV
What could explain a high rate in epidemiology?
We are either doing a good job of tracing the occurrence of disease OR we are doing a bad job of preventing it (NOT fixing the problem)
What could explain a low rate in epidemiology?
We are either doing a bad job of tracing the occurrence of disease OR we are doing a good job of preventing it (fixing the problem)
Describe PREVALENCE as it pertains to epidemiology.
A percentage based on the number of people at any given time who have a disease / the population at risk for that disease.
What are important factors when considering prevalence?
Whether the disease is chronic or acute.
CHRONIC - displays a more steady interval
ACUTE - displays a more fluctuating interval
Describe INCIDENCE as it pertains to epidemiology.
Represents the number of new cases of a disease over a certain period of time.
What is an advantage of tracking incidence?
Displays the frequency of disease incidence. By tracking when high incidences occur, you can aim to prevent that disease at those certain times (give flu shots in flu season)
What is SURVEILLANCE as it pertains to epidemiology?
It is the monitoring of health in a population over time.
Ongoing collection and analysis of data.
Problem finding, not problem solving.
Why do we track epidemiology?
To track new and existing health problems and to take action.
Preventing future problems.
Preventing acute problems from turning into chronic problems.
What are examples of ways we use epidemiology to prevent and treat health issues?
Health Screenings Immunizations New Medications Patient Education - Health Promotion Updating Federal Regulations Implementing Research
What are common risk factors that are unchangeable?
Biology - Genetics, Family History, Aging
Physical Environment - ozone, air, water, recreation
Social Environment (moreso for kids) - family, community, housing, violence
What are common risk factors that can be changed?
Behaviors - diet, exercise, habits, lifestyle
Social Environment
Government Policies and Interventions - public health policies, campaigns, services
Access to quality health care
What are the leading causes of death in the US?
Heart Disease and Stroke
Cancer
Injuries
Various Infectious Disease
What are some risk factors of Heart Disease and Stroke?
Family History Elevated BP and Lipids Poor diet Lack of exercise Smoking Diabetes Obesity
