Learning & Improving Skill and Technique [1] Flashcards
Define skill
Skill is a learned response in relation to an object or situation involving perceptual, cognitive or motor mechanisms.
Identify two characteristics of a skilled performance
Consistency, Technique
Explain the term, creative application of skill
A creative application of skill is a high risk, high reward skill which is extremely aesthetically pleasing skill. A good example of the creative application of skill can be seen in the use of the “panenka” technique for a penalty in football.
Discuss the difference between vectors and scalars in sport
A vector is a quantity with both magnitude and quantity. Examples include velocity, displacement and acceleration. In sport a vector would be a quarterback throwing an American football as both speed and velocity are required. The difference between vectors and scalars is that scalars are quantities with just magnitude, direction is unimportant. Examples include mass, energy and volume. In sports an example of a vector would be running 100m in 10 seconds.
Using sporting examples, explain the differences between second class and third class levers
A lever is a solid object (bone) that rotates around a pivot point (fulcrum/joint). An effort (the muscular system) applied to a lever lifts a load. There are three classes of lever. The class a lever is in is determined by the order of the effort, fulcrum and load.
In a second class lever the load is in between the effort and fulcrum. A sporting example of this would be calf raises/plantarflexion. The foot is the fulcrum, the body mass is the load and the gastrocnemius is the effort. Another defining feature of a 2nd class lever is that the fulcrum is at the end of the lever.
In contrast, in a third class lever the effort is in the middle of the load and the fulcrum. An example of this in sports is the flexion of the elbow in a bicep curl. The elbow is the fulcrum, the bicep is the effort and the palm is the load. In a 3rd class lever the fulcrum is at the start of the lever.
Name two planes of human movement
Sagittal, Frontal
Describe two planes of movement and use sporting examples
The sagittal plane splits the body into left and right sides and runs perpendicular to the floor. A sporting example in this plane is cycling, running or squatting. Stand to the side of an athlete to analyse their movements in this plane properly.
The frontal plane splits the body in front and back, both having equal masses. A sprinting movement in this plane includes a cartwheel in gymnastics or lateral raises. Stand in front of an athlete to properly analyse their movements in this plane.
Identify four characteristics of a named physical activity of your choice that give it media or spectator appeal
Competition, Skill, Atmosphere, Rivalry
Explain three practice methods that can be used to develop skills
Fixed Practice:
Methods of fixed practice include drills and require repetition of a whole skill in order to improve motor programming. For example, a football player practising his penalty technique
Massed Practice:
this is a continuous form of practice without rest and is best for simple skills. A step over is an example, where the learner must practise a step over continuously.
Distributed Practice:
A skill is broken into intervals, to allow sufficient rest and mental rehearsal. This is best used in difficult, dangerous or fatiguing skills and with young or lowly motivated learners. For example, a slide tackle in football.
Swimming involves movement in multiple planes, as the body moves through the water in a three-dimensional environment. Identify and explain how two of these planes to apply to swimming
Sagittal Plane:
The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right sides. In swimming, the movements using the sagittal plane include the freestyle stroke. The arms move forwards and backwards in the sagittal plane during the stroke.
Frontal Plane:
Divides the body into front and back halves. In Swimming, movements in the frontal plane include the breast stroke where the arms move outward and then inward in the front plane during the pull phase of the breast stroke.
Discuss two types of feedback appropriate for an athlete in the cognitive stage of learning
A coach should provide extrinsic feedback to an athlete in the cognitive stage of learning (after game review)
A coach should provide positive feedback to an athlete in the cognitive stage of learning
Name and define one of newton’s laws of motion
Newtons 1st law of motion
Newtons 1st law of motion is the law of inertia. The law states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force.
Describe two principles of effective practice that could have been utilised in the design of a practice schedule
VPSMARTER
Varied:
No session should be identical to the previous one and a range of approaches should be used to help boost motivation and improve a skill(s) in numerous different ways.
Progressive:
The demands in each session should be gradually increased. This ensures that skill development does not hit a plateau.
Explain the economy of movement
How efficient or energy sparing an athlete is when they are moving.
Energy expenditure, technique execution
Define ability
Ability is to have natural means and awareness to do something. Ability is innate, which means that it is inherited, people are born with different abilities to each other.
