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Psychiatry > Learning disability > Flashcards

Learning disability Flashcards

1
Q

Define learning disability

A

a condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind

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2
Q

What is not a LD

A

Dyslexia = educational difficulty
Adult acquired head injury
Cognitive decline due to chronic psychosis

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3
Q

Why is the number of people with a LD increasing each year

A

Increased life expectancy

Increased survival of premature babies

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4
Q

define borderline LD

A

IQ more than 70

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5
Q

Mild lQ

A

OQ 50-69

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6
Q

Moderate LD

A

35-49

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7
Q

Severe LD

A

IQ 20-34

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8
Q

Profound LD

A

less than 20

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9
Q

what is the average IQ

A

100

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10
Q

how is IQ calculated

A

IQ = mental age/chronological age x100

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11
Q

What is the most common LD

A

Mild
mental age 9-12
rarely organic aetiology

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12
Q

What neurological condition is common in peole with LD (particularly more moderate to severe kinds)

A

epilepsy

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13
Q

mental age of someone with a moderate LD

A

6-9

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14
Q

Mental age of severe ld

A

3-6

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15
Q

profound LD mental age

A

under 3

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16
Q

What can cause LD

A 
Chromosomal 
Intrauterine problesm
premature birth
Birth injury
Hypoxia
Metabolic cause 
Infections
Head injury

To give LD - must occur in infancy/childhood ie when brain is developing

17
Q

what dementia is associated with downs syndrome

A

Alzheimers

18
Q

What is the IQ of someone with downs typically and therefore what grade of LD would thye have

A

30-55

usually moderate LD

19
Q

What genetic abnormality is patau syndrome

A

trisomy 13

20
Q

What abnormality is edwards

A

trisomy 18

21
Q

What are the characteristics of cri du chat and which chromosome is the abnormality

A

microcephaly
profound LD
5p deletion

22
Q

What is the characterisitcs of angelman

A 
ataxia
paroxysms of laughter
maternally derived
LD
chromosome 15Q
23
Q

What is the characteristics of prader willi

A

also 15Q but paternally derived
LD
overeating
self injurious behaviour

24
Q

What is associated with velocardial facial syndrome

A

Increased risk od schizophrenia
chromosome 22Q
half have LD

25
Q

What is turners

A

45X- LD rare

26
Q

What is trisomy X

A

47XXX - usually asymptomatic

27
Q

What is klinefelters

A

XXY

28
Q

What is the faulty gene in fragile x

A

FMR1

29
Q

how is lesch nyhan syndrome inherited

A

x linked

juvenile gout

30
Q

how much more common is psychiatric illness in people with LD compared to general population

A

three times more common

31
Q

why are mental disorders underdiagnosed in people with LD

A

cannot express it
symtoms attributed to LD - overlooked
compliance - talked out of symtoms
eager to please others

32
Q

how does schizophrenia present in someone with lD

A

more negative symptoms

change in behaviour

33
Q

how does depression present in someone with LD

A

somatisation much more common

34
Q

what percent of LD population have autistic spectrum disorder

A

up to 30 percent

Psychiatry (18 decks)

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