Learning disability Flashcards
Define learning disability
a condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind
What is not a LD
Dyslexia = educational difficulty
Adult acquired head injury
Cognitive decline due to chronic psychosis
Why is the number of people with a LD increasing each year
Increased life expectancy
Increased survival of premature babies
define borderline LD
IQ more than 70
Mild lQ
OQ 50-69
Moderate LD
35-49
Severe LD
IQ 20-34
Profound LD
less than 20
what is the average IQ
100
how is IQ calculated
IQ = mental age/chronological age x100
What is the most common LD
Mild
mental age 9-12
rarely organic aetiology
What neurological condition is common in peole with LD (particularly more moderate to severe kinds)
epilepsy
mental age of someone with a moderate LD
6-9
Mental age of severe ld
3-6
profound LD mental age
under 3
What can cause LD
Chromosomal Intrauterine problesm premature birth Birth injury Hypoxia Metabolic cause Infections Head injury
To give LD - must occur in infancy/childhood ie when brain is developing
what dementia is associated with downs syndrome
Alzheimers
What is the IQ of someone with downs typically and therefore what grade of LD would thye have
30-55
usually moderate LD
What genetic abnormality is patau syndrome
trisomy 13
What abnormality is edwards
trisomy 18
What are the characteristics of cri du chat and which chromosome is the abnormality
microcephaly
profound LD
5p deletion
What is the characterisitcs of angelman
ataxia paroxysms of laughter maternally derived LD chromosome 15Q
What is the characteristics of prader willi
also 15Q but paternally derived
LD
overeating
self injurious behaviour
What is associated with velocardial facial syndrome
Increased risk od schizophrenia
chromosome 22Q
half have LD
What is turners
45X- LD rare
What is trisomy X
47XXX - usually asymptomatic
What is klinefelters
XXY
What is the faulty gene in fragile x
FMR1
how is lesch nyhan syndrome inherited
x linked
juvenile gout
how much more common is psychiatric illness in people with LD compared to general population
three times more common
why are mental disorders underdiagnosed in people with LD
cannot express it
symtoms attributed to LD - overlooked
compliance - talked out of symtoms
eager to please others
how does schizophrenia present in someone with lD
more negative symptoms
change in behaviour
how does depression present in someone with LD
somatisation much more common
what percent of LD population have autistic spectrum disorder
up to 30 percent
