Learning Disabilities Flashcards
average IQ
100
what is happening to the average IQ across generations
increaring by around 3 points per decade
what is the correlation between IQ and fertility
possible negative correlation, other factors??
how does asian IQ compare to european
higher
what are the 3 criteria for a LD: IQ, age of onset and __
IQ<70, onset <18 years and deficits in adaptive functioning
what is the retest error for IQ
error margin of 5 points
which health needs are not typically met for people with LD
poor access to screening
general healthcare
what scale can be used to asess intelligence
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
borderline LD
IQ is above 70, not a category in ICD or DSM
what activities will a person with mild LD have
difficulties in reading and writing
what are the CF of untreated phenylketonuria
LD, eczema and seizures
screening for phenylketonuria
routine in newborn screening - heel prick test at 5 days
detects elevated blood phenylalanine
what causes phenylketonuria
there is an error associated with the metabolism of phenylalanine
treatment of phenylyketonuria
dietary restriction of protein and phenylalanine
do people with treated phenylketonuria have any problems?
they tend to have IQs in the normal rnage, but there are often subtle neurocognitive deficits, and there is an icnrease in attention deficit disorder
what syndrome is foetal alcohol syndrome associated with
ADHD
what are the physical features of foetal alcohol syndrome
is life expectancy affected in LD?
yes, 18 years lower for females and 14 for males
link between epilepsy and LD
one does not cause the other, but they are both assoicated with some syndromes
also many drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders (that LD pt will have) lower seizure threshold
is the risk of mental illnes increased?
yes, 8x
associated cognitive problems
increased risk of dementia (5x)
physical symptoms associated with LD
increased tooth and ear pain and constipation
what is the link between LD and constipation?
no organic link, things like lack of understanding toilet importance, diet, reduced mobility and lack of exercise, medication side effects, anxiety around using some toilets
people with leaerning disabilities are more likely to experience big losses eg of carers
do people with LD react the same to medications?
are more susceptible to pharmacological side effects as thye may have areas of brain damage
why is under diagnosis such a big problem in LD
- Symptoms are attributed to LD
- Patients tend to be over compliant, can be talked out of symptoms
- Patients are eager to please
- Difficulties with intellect and labelling emotions and experiences
schizophrenia and LD
more common, earlier onset
negative symptoms are more common
what feature of depression is more common with a LD
somatization
what is the ASD triad
- Triad: abnormal social interaction; communication impairment; rigid/restricted/repetitive behaviour, interests and activities
does fragile X syndrome cause LD more often in men or women?
most males have mild-moderate LD and 1/3 females are
name 5 intrauterine factors that may cause LD
- maternal disease
- infection
- poor diet
- substance abuse
- alcohol
maternal infection with which 3 things can cause LD
rubella, CMV and toxoplasmosis
use of which drug when pregnant is assoicated with LD
cocaine
what are teh feature of congenital hypothyroidism
called cretinism - small baby, limited mental functioning
