Learning Disabilities

Question 1

average IQ

Answer 1

100

Question 2

what is happening to the average IQ across generations

Answer 2

increaring by around 3 points per decade

Question 3

what is the correlation between IQ and fertility

Answer 3

possible negative correlation, other factors??

Question 4

how does asian IQ compare to european

Answer 4

higher

Question 5

what are the 3 criteria for a LD: IQ, age of onset and __

Answer 5

IQ<70, onset <18 years and deficits in adaptive functioning

Question 6

what is the retest error for IQ

Answer 6

error margin of 5 points

Question 7

which health needs are not typically met for people with LD

Answer 7

poor access to screening

general healthcare

Question 8

what scale can be used to asess intelligence

Answer 8

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Question 9

borderline LD

Answer 9

IQ is above 70, not a category in ICD or DSM

Question 10

what activities will a person with mild LD have

Answer 10

difficulties in reading and writing

Question 11

what are the CF of untreated phenylketonuria

Answer 11

LD, eczema and seizures

Question 12

screening for phenylketonuria

Answer 12

routine in newborn screening - heel prick test at 5 days

detects elevated blood phenylalanine

Question 13

what causes phenylketonuria

Answer 13

there is an error associated with the metabolism of phenylalanine

Question 14

treatment of phenylyketonuria

Answer 14

dietary restriction of protein and phenylalanine

Question 15

do people with treated phenylketonuria have any problems?

Answer 15

they tend to have IQs in the normal rnage, but there are often subtle neurocognitive deficits, and there is an icnrease in attention deficit disorder

Question 16

what syndrome is foetal alcohol syndrome associated with

Answer 16

ADHD

Question 17

what are the physical features of foetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 17

Question 18

is life expectancy affected in LD?

Answer 18

yes, 18 years lower for females and 14 for males

Question 19

link between epilepsy and LD

Answer 19

one does not cause the other, but they are both assoicated with some syndromes

also many drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders (that LD pt will have) lower seizure threshold

Question 20

is the risk of mental illnes increased?

Answer 20

yes, 8x

Question 21

associated cognitive problems

Answer 21

increased risk of dementia (5x)

Question 22

physical symptoms associated with LD

Answer 22

increased tooth and ear pain and constipation

Question 23

what is the link between LD and constipation?

Answer 23

no organic link, things like lack of understanding toilet importance, diet, reduced mobility and lack of exercise, medication side effects, anxiety around using some toilets

Question 24

people with leaerning disabilities are more likely to experience big losses eg of carers

Question 25

do people with LD react the same to medications?

Answer 25

are more susceptible to pharmacological side effects as thye may have areas of brain damage

Question 26

why is under diagnosis such a big problem in LD

Answer 26

• Symptoms are attributed to LD
• Patients tend to be over compliant, can be talked out of symptoms
• Patients are eager to please
• Difficulties with intellect and labelling emotions and experiences

Question 27

schizophrenia and LD

Answer 27

more common, earlier onset

negative symptoms are more common

Question 28

what feature of depression is more common with a LD

Answer 28

somatization

Question 29

what is the ASD triad

Answer 29

• Triad: abnormal social interaction; communication impairment; rigid/restricted/repetitive behaviour, interests and activities

Question 31

does fragile X syndrome cause LD more often in men or women?

Answer 31

most males have mild-moderate LD and 1/3 females are

Question 32

name 5 intrauterine factors that may cause LD

Answer 32

• maternal disease
• infection
• poor diet
• substance abuse
• alcohol

Question 33

maternal infection with which 3 things can cause LD

Answer 33

rubella, CMV and toxoplasmosis

Question 34

use of which drug when pregnant is assoicated with LD

Answer 34

cocaine

Question 35

what are teh feature of congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 35

called cretinism - small baby, limited mental functioning