Learning & Development Flashcards
ability to recognize patterns and project change impact
Systems Thinking
graphical representation of elements that are out of acceptable range by setting parameters above and below range, determine variance in production
Process Control Chart
in which the learner participates in decisions about what will be taught, how it is delivered
Andragogy
slow start in learning that increases as the learner masters different aspects of process
Positively Accelerating Learning Curve (software program(
provide experience in real-time situations
- demonstration, one on one, performance
Experiential Training
support and collect creation, capture, storage, and dissemination of organization info, easy access
Knowledge Management Systems
employees design their own work processes, empowered to take action to complete work, accountable for results, broadly defined jobs
High Involvement Organizations
Hawthorne Effect
paying attention to human needs leads to better performance
learner listens/absorbs, instructor focused, no active participation
- lectures, presentation, conference
Passive Training
long term intervention requiring employees at all levels to focus on providing products that meet customer needs
Total Quality Management
high level of expertise in chosen field, lifelong learning
Personal Mastery
begins with slow learning that accelerates over time then slows again
S-Shaped Learning Curve (software conversion)
ADDIE Model
Analysis Design Development Implement Evaluate
employees change work itself (job tasks) and change amount or quality of interaction with others
Job Crafting
assign new responsibilities of tasks that challenge employees to use existing skills/abilities in new ways or develop new ones
Job Enrichment
Joseph Juran
- defined customer needs, translate to language of business
- quality planning, quality control, quality improvement
W. Edwards Deming
- quality defined by customer
- burden on management
organizing info during brainstorm session, cause and effect
Fishbone Diagram
process flow analysis, visually represents workflow, improve efficiencies, diagnose bottlenecks
Process Mapping
employees use multiple skill sets to complete a task
Skill Variety
address issues of how work gets done by examining level of employee involvement and redesigning work processes
Techno-Structural Interventions
show individual components of problem in addition to total/summary
Stratification
Motivation-Hygiene
- extrinsic/hygiene: conditions that must be positive for employees to have good attitude about job (company policies, salary, relationship with peers)
- intrinsic/motivation: personal growth and achievement
inherent/perceived value of job internally to coworkers or externally to society
Task Significance
gives employees sense of bigger picture, cross-train
Job Rotation
rapid increase in learning at beginning that taper off as learner becomes more familiar with process
Negatively Accelerating Learning Curve (cash register)
redesign work to better serve employee’s physiological needs for understanding and meaning, increasing ownership of work outcomes
Job Loading
testing, previewing content prior to delivery, identify what participants know/want/need, needs assessment, pilot test, pretest
Formative Evaluation
informal means of learning what works well in environments of open communication and trust, people will common work interests/needs willing to share experiences/expertise with coworkers
Communities of Practice
post-mortem, review conducted at end of project, what worked/didn’t work
After Action Evaluations
learning experience focuses on learner
- facilitation, case study, simulation, vestibule, socratic seminar
Active Training
additional tasks added to job without increasing level of responsibility or skill
Job Enlargement
experienced individual acting as guide, teacher, counselor or facilitator, provides personal feedback/advice to junior colleague
Mentor
deep seated beliefs that color perceptions and effect how individuals see/react to the world around them
Mental Models
effort applied by worker produces a whole identifiable unit or outcome
Task Identity
Six Sigma
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control
Change Process Theory - Kurt Lewin
unfreezing, moving, refreezing
Acquired Needs Theory
motivated by achievement, affiliation and power
computer based software that administers, tracks and reports training and development activities, auto-enroll in required courses, notify manager of attendance
Learning Management System
Summative Evaluation (4 levels)
Kirkpatrick
- Reaction: measures initial reaction using survey at end
- Learning: test to measure info learned, pre/post test
- Behavior: measure behavioral changes, successful application of new knowledge
- Results: measures impact training had on initial targets
graphical representation of 80/20 rule, 80% of problems caused by 20% of causes, which areas of concern will provide greatest return when corrected
Pareto Chart
Philip B Crosby
- focused on management and strategic planning
- 4 absolutes of quality: conformance to requirements, prevention, performance standards, measurement
innovative environments in which knowledge is originated, obtained and freely shared in response to changes that affect ability to compete
Learning Organizations
refers to ability of team to share/build on ideas without holding anything back
Team Learning
encourage org to plan for future that inspires commitment on part of all individuals
Building Shared Vision
describe methods/practices proven to produce desired results over time
Best Practice Standards
directory collects names and area of expertise
Expert Registers
ADKAR Phases of Change
Awareness Desire Knowledge Ability Reinforcement
Douglas McGregor Theory X&Y
- Theory X: leader believes employees are lazy and must be micromanaged/controlled
- Theory Y: leader believes employees are internally motivated and dislike rigidity, participatory leadership style
way of looking at random occurrences to find pattern
Histogram
learning occurs away from regular work environment, must be applied to real job situation
Transfer of Learning
unwritten information closely guarded by a few employees
Tribal Knowledge
rapid increase in knowledge that levels off after period of time, no additional progress occurs for extended period of time
Plateau Learning Curve (irregular task)
Maslow Needs Theory
basic needs must be met first, then focus on higher levels
- Physiological (food and safety)
- Safety (job security)
- Love & Belonging (friendship)
- Esteem
- Self Actualization
specialist involved in developing employee in particular area, tailored to suit management and executive needs
Coaching
