Learning AOS 2 Flashcards
Classical conditioning
A process in learning through the involuntary associations between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus that results in a conditioned response
The three phase model of classical conditioning
Before conditioning, during conditioning and after conditioning
Neutral stimulus
The stimulus that produces no significant response prior to conditioning and means nothing to the participant
Unconditioned stimulus
The stimulus that produces an unconscious response
Unconditioned response
A naturally occuring behaviour in response to a stimulus
Conditioned stimulus
The stimulus that is neutral at the start, but through repeated association produces the same effect as the unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
The new learned response which is produced by the conditioned stimulus
Operant conditioning
The three phase process that involves an antecedent, behaviour and a consequence, where the consequence of a behaviour determines the likelihood that it will reoccur
Antecedent
The stimulus or event that precedes a particular behaviour
Behaviour
The voluntary actions that occur in presence of the antecedent
Consequence
The outcome of the behaviour, which determines the likelihood that it will occur again
What are the 2 types of consequences?
Reinforcement and punishment
Reinforcement
A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behaviour reoccuring
Positive reinforcement
The addition of a pleasant, desirable stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behaviour reoccurinbg
Negative reinforcement
The removal of an undesirable, unpleasant stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behaviour reoccuring
Punishment
A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behaviour reoccuring
Positive punishment
The addition of an unpleasant, undesirable stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a behaviour reoccuring
Negative punishment
The removal of a pleasant, desirable stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a behaviour reoccuring
Observational learning
The process of learning that involves observing the behaviour of a model and the associated consequences with that behaviour
What are the 5 stages of observational learning?
Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation and reinforcement
Attention
watch closely, observe
retention
remember
reproduction
copy, replicate
motivation
desire
reinforcement
encourage
