Learning And Remembering Flashcards
Declarative memory
Memory for facts and events
Nondeclarative memory
Skills; difficult to describe verbally
Episodic memory
Memory for specific events
Semantic memory
General knowledge and fact about the world
Important encoding variables for episodic memory
1) time or frequency
2) distributed practice
3) generation
4) levels of processing
5) organization
6) distinctiveness
7) emotion
Shallow encoding
Attending to surface characteristics or rote rehearsal
Deep encoding
Attending to meaning, elaborating, drawing relationships
Von Restrof effect
All words presented in same color except one word; memory for different word tends to be better than any other item on the list
We tend to have better memory for ___________ ________ items than neutral items
Emotionally arousing
Transfer Appropriate processing
Memory is best when kind of processing done at study matches what is needed for the test
Consolidation
Process that occurs after encoding that helps to strengthen memory
Retrieval Failure
Case where person has information yet cannot retrieve it in the moment; may be due to response competition
Pseudo forgetting
One is unlikely to have encoded information at deep enough level in order to retrieve it later
Retrograde Amnesia
Loss of memory from before trauma
Anterograde Amnesia
Deficit to create new memories following trauma
