Learning And Memory

Question 1

Classical Pavlovian conditioning

Answer 1

Pre conditioning 
UCS->UCR
Pair a stimulus with that at the time this pairing in a neural stimulus 
Post conditions 
Neutral stimulus elicits the UCR 
CS -> CR

Question 2

Example

Answer 2

Pavlovs dog

Watson and raynor - little Albert

Question 3

Operant instrumental conditioning

Answer 3

Behaviour can be changed reinforced with positive reinforcers and removed with negative reinforcers or punishment

Question 4

Classical conditioning

Answer 4

Stimulus-stimulus association

Question 5

Operant conditioning type of associative learning

Answer 5

Response outcome learning

Question 6

Social observational learning - Bandura

Answer 6

Learning by watching others behaviours abd its consequences
Imitation and modelling
- attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation
Doctors are powerful role models
Some behaviours are difficult to learn without observation

Question 7

Link between learning and memory.

Answer 7

Inextricably linked
Ability to learn depends on ability to remember
Ability to remember depends on prior learning

Question 8

3 stages of memory

Answer 8

Encoding
Storage
Retrieval

Question 9

Simple multi store model of memory

Answer 9

External stimuli, sensory memory, STM -> LTM

Question 10

Features of STM

Answer 10

Limited capacity
Short duration
Maintenance via rehearsal (Working memory)
Forgetting via displacement

Question 11

LTM

Answer 11

Unlimited capacity
Variable duration
Forgetting via interference and decay
Cues and context aid retrieval

Question 12

Memory and medical consultations

Answer 12

Patients remember ~50% info

Less for anxious or elderly patients

Question 13

Causes of memory impairment

Answer 13

Diffuse brain disease - dementias
Focal brain disease - amnesias
Physiological disturbance - delirium
Psychiatric illness - schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, dissociative dis

Question 14

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 14

Cannot remember events prior to the brain damage

Question 15

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 15

Cannot remember events that occur after the damage - formation of new memory

Question 16

Memory areas

Answer 16

Mediodorsal nucleus 
Basal forebrain 
Prefrontal cortex 
Amygdala
Rui also cortex 
Hippocampus 
Inferotemporal cortex 
Cerebellum

Question 17

Patient HM

Answer 17

Medial Temporal lobectomy

Anterograde amnesia

Question 18

Symptom sod anterograde amnesia

Answer 18

Difficulty learning new info
May be disorientated and confused
Personality, intelligence, and judgment may be unaffected
Will generally have good memory for the last up to the time of the brain injury
May have trouble holding a job