Learning and Memory Flashcards
learning
process of acquiring the information - the outcome of which is memory
3 stages of learning/memory
encoding
storage
retrieval
encoding
processing of incoming information to be stored
storage
represents the permanent record of information
retrieval
utilizes stored information to create a conscious representation or to execute a learned behavior such as a motor act
long term potentiation
persistent strengthening of synapses due to recent patterns of activity
- provide lasting connections among neurons
- first shown in hippocampus
- morris water maze
morris water maze
test for spatial memory in rodents
LTP is reliant on ___receptors
NDMA (glutamate)
which cells of the hippocampus are responsible for spatial learning effect?
CA1
what type of beta plaques inhibit LTP in the hippocampus?
Amyloid - this is seen in alzheimers disease
two divisions of memory
long term and short term
two divisions of long term memory
declarative and nondeclarative
two divisions of declarative memory
episodic and semantic
4 divisions of non declarative memory
procedural
perceptual representation
classical conditioning
nonassociative learning
episodic memory
memory of events
semantic memory
memory of facts
procedural memory
memory of skills (motor and cognitive)
sensory memory
sensory echo - have high capacity, but don’t last long
auditory
echoic, 9-10 seconds
visual memory
iconic, 300-500 microseconds
short term memory
longer time course than sensory but more limited capacity
modal model of memory
memory starts with sensory. if you pay attention to it, it moves to short term memory, where it can either decay/interfere and be lost or with rehearsal, move to long term memory
5 pieces of evidence distinguishing Short term storage and long term storage
capacity differences encoding differences serial position curves forgetting neuropsych evidence
capacity differences between STS and LTS
STS = limited LTS = unlimited
encoding differences between STS and LTS
STS = phological LTS = semantic
Serial position curves differences between STS and LTS
STS= recency LTS = primacy
forgetting differences between STS and LTS
STS = trace decay LTS = interference
Neuropsych evidence for distinct STS and LTS
HM = intact STS, impaired LTS KF = intact LTS, impaired STS
maintenance
retaining information over the short term
manipulation
performing mental operations on the contents of this store
working memory
extension and elaboration on the concept of short term memory
components of baddeley and hitch’s model of working memory
Central Executive
Phonological Loop
Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad
central executive
presides over interactions between subordinate systems and LTM
phonological loop
acoustic short term storage
visuo-spatial sketchpad
visual short term store
3 functions of the phonological loop
- learning to read
- language comprehension
- vocabulary acquisition (1st and 2nd language)
