Learning and Memory

Question 1

What is learning?

Answer 1

acquiring new skills/knowledge

Question 2

What is memory?

Answer 2

retention & recall of skills/knowledge acquired through learning process

Question 3

What is declarative memory?

Answer 3

Memories that we can verbalize

Question 4

Memories for facts are called?

Answer 4

semantic

Question 5

Memories of events are called?

Answer 5

episodic

Question 6

What is non-declarative memory?

Answer 6

Memories for actions

Question 7

What is a lesion?

Answer 7

Damage to one part of the brain

Question 8

What surgery did HM have?

Answer 8

Surgery for severe epilepsy

Question 9

What was removed from HM?

Answer 9

Medial temporal lobe areas removed, including large portions of hippocampus

Question 10

What did the surgery for HM cause?

Answer 10

extreme anterograde amnesia

Question 11

What is anterograde amnesia?

Answer 11

Cannot make declarative memories (new memories)

Question 12

How do we know that other types of memory are intact in patient HM?

Answer 12

Mirror tracing task

Question 13

What did Clive Wearing have?

Answer 13

Near complete anterograde and retrograde amnesia

Question 14

What did near-complete anterograde and retrograde amnesia cause in Wearing

Answer 14

loss of past memory, living in a 2 minute window

Question 15

What are human electrophysiology experiments?

Answer 15

Stimulating the brain to map out brain regions.

Question 16

What is the weather prediction task?

Answer 16

• probabilistic classification learning task
• requires participants to predict the weather based on different combinations of four tarot cards

Question 17

Timescale: short-term memory

Answer 17

seconds to hours

Question 18

Timescale: working memory

Answer 18

Seconds to minutes

Question 19

Timescale: Long-term memory

Answer 19

Days to decades

Question 20

What is Consolidation?

Answer 20

• Stabilization of memory from a short-term to long-term trace
• Requires protein synthesis in the brain