learning aim b

Question 1

Brittle bone disease

Answer 1

causes bones to break easily

caused by ONE dominant defective gene

Question 2

Huntington’s disease

Answer 2

causes involuntary movement, cognitive and psychiatric disorder
caused by ONE dominant defective gene

Question 3

cystic fibrosis

Answer 3

causes a build-up of thick, sticky mucous that can damage the lungs
caused by 2 recessive defective genes

Question 4

phenylketonuria PKU

Answer 4

causes intellectual disability and development delay

caused by 2 recessive defective genes

Question 5

duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer 5

causes muscle weakness and wasting resulting in difficulty with motor skills and walking
caused by 2 recessive defective genes

Question 6

down’s syndrome

Answer 6

individuals have an extra copy of chromosome 21. this causes characteristic facial features, growth delay and intellectual disability.

Question 7

klinefelter sydrome

Answer 7

boys have an extra X chromosome, causing some problems during, or a delay in puberty

Question 8

colour blindness

Answer 8

caused by mutations in the X chromosome, so is more common in males. It makes it difficult to distinguish colours

Question 9

condition is

Answer 9

an abnormal state of health that impacts on wellbeing

Question 10

disease is

Answer 10

a disorder of the function or structure of the body

Question 11

holmes and rahe

Answer 11

social readjustment rating scale
43 life events listed
e.g. death of a partner= 100
marriage= 50

Question 12

short term effects of bullying

6

Answer 12

stress/anxiety
withdrawal from school
inability to cope with life events
poor self image
love self esteem
eating disorders

Question 13

long term effects of bullying

5

Answer 13

difficulties in forming relationships
poor academic achievement
substance abuse
self harm
increased risk of suicide

Question 14

culture, community and beliefs influence

6

Answer 14

dress
diet
morality
lifestyle
relationships
personal values

Question 15

the 4 principles of social learning

Answer 15

• attention
• retention
• reproduction
• motivation (reinforcement/reward)

Question 16

aim of bandura’s experiment

Answer 16

• to show children would copy the behaviour of another person
• the outcome for the adult impacted on the likelihood of the children copying the behaviour

Question 17

positive reinforcement

Answer 17

the behaviour is repeated because of personal satisfaction (intrinsic reinforcement) or rewards (extrinsic reinforcement)

Question 18

negative reinforcement

Answer 18

the behaviour is not repeated to avoid an adverse experience such as being told of or lack of satisfation

Question 19

vicarious reinforcement

Answer 19

children may feel motivated because they see that the person or ‘model’ they observe is getting satisfaction or positive feedback.