learning aim a

Question 1

give 3 primary sexual characteristics for males

Answer 1

• penis and testes enlarge
• spontaneous erections
• testes being to produce sperm

Question 2

give 3 primary sexual characteristics for females

Answer 2

• uterus and vagina grows
• ovaries begin to release eggs
• menstrual cycle commences

Question 3

give 3 secondary sexual characteristics for females

Answer 3

• breasts develop
• redistribution of fat and muscle causing hips to widen
• pubic and under arm hair grows

Question 4

give 3 secondary sexual characteristics for males

Answer 4

• facial, underarm and pubic hair grows
• changes in the larynx causing the voice to deepen
• redistribution of fat and muscle

Question 5

2 fine motor skills of a 3 year old

Answer 5

• can use a pencil to copy letters

- build a small tower with cubes

Question 6

3 gross motor skills of a 3 year old

Answer 6

• use pedals on a tricycle
• balance on one foot
• run

Question 7

an example of a fine motor skill of an 4-6 year old

Answer 7

• dress and undress (including buttons and laces)

Question 8

5 gross motor skills of a 4-6 year old

Answer 8

• throw
• kick
• skip
• hop
• ride a bike

Question 9

an example of a fine motor skill of an 8 year old

Answer 9

• control of small muscles, can draw a detailed picture

Question 10

an example of a gross motor skill of an 8 year old

Answer 10

• good co- ordination and strength means they can take part in various activities and sports

Question 11

gross and fine motor skills of a new born

Answer 11

g- primitive instincts such as a grasp

f - holds their thumbs tucked into their hands

Question 12

gross and fine motor skills at one month

Answer 12

g- lifts chin, some control of head

f- opens hands to grasp a finger

Question 13

gross and fine motor skills at 3 months

Answer 13

g- can lift their head and chest when lying on front

f- can briefly grasp a rattle

Question 14

gross and fine motor skills at 6 months

Answer 14

g- rolls over, can sit up for a short time without support, kicks legs when held up
f- moves objects from hand to hand, can pick up dropped toys in in sight

Question 15

gross and fine motor skills at 9-10 months

Answer 15

g- crawls, begins to cruise

f- uses finger and thumb to hold a small object

Question 16

gross and fine motor skills at 12-13 months

Answer 16

g- stands alone, walks with no help

f- manipulates and places toys

Question 17

gross and fine motor skills at 18 months

Answer 17

g- climbs onto furniture

f- builds a short tower with blocks

Question 18

gross and fine motor skills at 2 years

Answer 18

g- propels a sit on toy with their feet, throws a large ball

f- draws lines and circles, turns a page

Question 19

gross and fine motor skills at 2 and 1/2 years

Answer 19

g- jumps from a low step, kicks a ball

f- uses a spoon and fork

Question 20

define intellectual

Answer 20

1 Language development, which is essential for organising thoughts and to share and
express ideas. It is also important for clarification.
2 Problem solving is an important skill that is required both to work things out and to
make predictions about what might happen.
3 Memory is required for storing, recalling and retrieving information.
4 Moral development allows for reasoning and making choices, and informs the
individual how to act in particular situations and how to act towards self and
others.
5 Abstract thoughts and creative thinking are essential for thinking and discussing
situations and events that cannot be observed.

Question 21

language development at 3 month

Answer 21

Infants begin to make babbling noises as they learn to control the
muscles associated with speech.

Question 22

language development at 12 months

Answer 22

Infants begin to imitate sounds made by carers such as ’da da’. This
develops into using single words.

Question 23

language development at 2 years

Answer 23

Infants begin to make two-word sentences, such as ’cat goed’ (meaning
the cat has gone away). The infant begins to build their vocabulary
(knowledge of words).

Question 24

language development at 3 years

Answer 24

Children begin to make simple sentences, such as ’I want drink’. This
develops into the ability to ask questions, ’when we go?’ Knowledge of
words (vocabulary) grows very rapidly.

Question 25

language development at 4 years

Answer 25

Children begin to use clear sentences that can be understood by strangers. Children can be expected to make some mistakes with grammar, ’we met lots of peoples at the shops today

Question 26

language development at 5 years

Answer 26

Children can speak using full adult grammar. Although vocabulary will continue to grow and formal grammar will continue to improve, most children can be expected to use language effectively by the age of five.

Question 27

encouraging speech in infants

Answer 27

``` •• Blow bubbles. •• Play with puppets. •• Watch and listen to other children. •• Join in with action rhymes and songs. •• Look at picture books ```

Question 28

encouraging speech in adolescence

Answer 28

``` Read a wide range of books and journals. •• Take part in group projects. •• Discuss ideas. •• Plan and deliver presentations. ```

Question 29

Abstract logical thinking –

Answer 29

``` the ability to solve problems using imagination without having to be involved practically. This is an advanced form of thinking that does not always need a practical context in order to take place. ```

Question 30

Egocentric thinking –

Answer 30

``` not being able to see a situation from another person’s point of view. Piaget thought that a young child assumed that other people see, hear and feel exactly the same as the child does. ```

Question 31

Concrete logical thinking –

Answer 31

he ability to solve problems providing an individual can see or physically handle the issues involved.

Question 32

1-assimilation

Answer 32

the child constructs an understanding or concept (schema)

Question 33

2-equilibrium

Answer 33

the child's experience fits with their schema

Question 34

3-disequilibrium

Answer 34

a new experience disturbs the child's schema

Question 35

4-accommodation

Answer 35

the child's understanding (schema)changes to take into account the new experience

Question 36

4- formal operations

Answer 36

11-18 | young people have the capacity for abstract thinking, rational thought and problem solving

Question 37

3- concrete operations

Answer 37

7-11 children use resources to help them to unnderstand the world, such as counters for maths. they classify, categorise and use logic to help them understand. are capable of conservation no longer egocentric

Question 38

2- pre operational

Answer 38

2-7 children begin to control their environment by using symbolic behaviour, including representational words and drawings and pretend play, but cannnot think logically

Question 39

1- sensorimotor

Answer 39

0-2 | learn about their enviroment and develop earl schemas through sense experience

Question 40

asocial

Answer 40

0-3 months | responds to any caregiver

Question 41

indiscriminate

Answer 41

4-7 months | shows preference for primary caregiver but accepts care from others

Question 42

specific

Answer 42

7-9 months | prefers primary caregiver. unhappy w strangers and when separated from primary caregiver

Question 43

multiple

Answer 43

10+ months | develops multiple attachments. attaches to those who responds to them.

Question 44

self image

Answer 44

how individuals see them self | eg skinny may see them self as fat

Question 45

self concept

Answer 45

self image+ self esteem

Question 46

self esteem

Answer 46

how individuals value and feel the knowledge they have about themselves. eg i cant do it, im not good enough, people dont like me

Question 47

solo play

Answer 47

0-2 engrossed in its own play rattle, shakers, balls

Question 48

parallel play

Answer 48

2-3 years | playing next to eachother. aware of other children, may copy eachother but dont interact.

Question 49

co-operative play

Answer 49

3-4 | share, talk,play together

Question 50

permissive parent

Answer 50

parents are indulgent. they do not attempt to control behaviour

Question 51

disengaged/uninvolved

Answer 51

parents are neglectful and show a lack of interest. there is a poor attachment

Question 52

authoritarian

Answer 52

parents assert their authority. children are controlled

Question 53

authoritive

Answer 53

children are accepted for who they are. there is mutual love and respect.