Learning Aim A Physical development

Question 1

2 primary sexual characteristics in males and females

Answer 1

Primary= sex organs present at birth
Male- testes produce sperm and enlargement of penis
Female- ovulation and beginning of menstruation

Question 2

2 secondary sexual characteristics in males and females

Answer 2

Secondary= develops during puberty
Male- voice breaks and pubic/ facial hair growth
Female= breasts grow and hips widen

Question 3

Define growth

Answer 3

Increase in height or weight- measurable quantity

Question 4

Define development

Answer 4

Increase in skills or abilities

Question 5

4 principles of growth

Answer 5

• Growth rates vary
• Different parts of body have different growth rates
• Children’s growth rates vary
• Typically boys grow faster and tend to be taller

Question 6

Define milestone

Answer 6

Expected developments of a child by a certain age

Question 7

Infancy- gross motor skills development

Answer 7

0- 2 years
Newborn- born with grasp reflex
3 months- developed head control, can raise head if lying
10 months- can move around, crawling
12 months- sit up from lying
2 years- walk up and down stairs

Question 8

Infancy- fine motor skills development

Answer 8

0- 2 years
Newborn- grasp finger
3 months- hold toy
10 months- thumb and index finger to hold small object (pincer grip)
12 months- clap hands
2 years- draw

Question 9

Adolescence- hormones involved in puberty

Answer 9

9- 18 years
Released from pituitary gland
Male- testosterone
Female- oestrogen

Question 10

Early adulthood

Answer 10

19- 45 years
Maturation- individual reaches physical potential, physical abilities reach their peak
Examples= grown to full height and women are at their most fertile

Question 11

Perimenopause- symptoms

Answer 11

Time leading up to menopause
Symptoms= vaginal dryness, weight gain, mood swings and hot flushes

Question 12

Menopause- hormones and effects

Answer 12

Time when period stops completely and woman becomes infertile
Hormones= less oestrogen cause symptoms associated with menopause
Effects= sadness as can no longer have kids and possible depression and anxiety due to change in hormones, and sometimes relief can no longer fall pregnant

Question 13

Middle adulthood

Answer 13

46- 65 years
‘Middle age spread’ weight that accumulates around abdomen, eating same amount of food but decrease in activity levels
Effects= becoming shorter, weight gain and greying and thinning of hair

Question 14

Later adulthood

Answer 14

65+ years
Life expectancy= probable number of years a person will live
Effects= wrinkling, hearing loss, eyesight deterioration (physical) loss of memory and recall (intellectual)

Question 15

Early childhood

Answer 15

3- 8 years
Fine motor skills- write their name and draw more detailed pictures
Gross motor skills- run, jump and ride a bike

Question 16

Centile chart

Answer 16

Growth chart showing norms of growth in each age group
Measurements- weight, height and head dimensions