Learning Aim A:2- Intellectual development across the life stages

Question 1

What is Piaget’s Model used for?

Answer 1

Explains how children’s logic and reasoning develop from infancy to later adolescence.

Question 2

What are schemas?

Answer 2

Foundation for cognitive learning for interpreting environments.

Question 3

What is Assimilation?

Answer 3

The process of taking in new information into our existing schemas.

Question 4

What is Accommodation?

Answer 4

Changing or altering our existing schemas in light of new information.

Question 5

What is Equilibrium?

Answer 5

The balance between assimilation and accommodation.

Question 6

What is Disequilibrium?

Answer 6

Occurs when a child is not able to use an existing schema to be able to understand the new change in the environment.

Question 7

What are the Stages of Cognitive Development?

Answer 7

Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years),
Pre-operational stage (2-7 years),
Concrete operational stage (7-11 years),
Formal operational stage (12+ years).

Question 8

What are the Tests of conservation?

Answer 8

Pouring a liquid from a tall thin glass to a short fat glass and testing individuals by asking them which one has more. This display the idea of Egocentrism.

Question 9

What is Egocentrism?

Answer 9

The preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view.

Question 10

What is Chomsky’s Theory of Language? (Language Acquisition Device).

Answer 10

All are born with an innate knowledge of grammar that serves as the basis for all language acquisition. (LAD)

Question 11

What is the Babbling stage (6-8 months) consist of?

Answer 11

Babies spontaneously utter a variety of words, such as ah-goo.

Question 12

What does the Holophrastic stage (9-18 months) consist of?

Answer 12

Using a single word to express a combination of ideas.

Question 13

What does the Two-word (18-24 months) stage consist of?

Answer 13

Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements

Question 14

What does the Telegraphic stage (24-30 months) consist of?

Answer 14

Sentence structures of lexical rather than grammatical morphemes.

Question 15

What does the Later multiword stage (30+ months) consist of?

Answer 15

Grammatical or functional structures emerge.

Question 16

What are the criticisms of Chomsky’s theory?

Answer 16

• Lack of scientific evidence,
• Rate of language development is affected by the degree of interactions,
• Chomsky emphasized grammar but not the meaning,
• Not take into account that a language acquisition support system is required,

Question 17

What is the intellectual development of Early Adulthood (19-45 years)?

Answer 17

Thinking becomes more realistic and pragmatic, with expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits judgement about important matters.

Question 18

What is the intellectual development of Memory loss in Later Adulthood (65+ years)?

Answer 18

The aging process generally results in changes and lower functioning in the brain, leading to problems like decreased intellectual function and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
Many of the changes in the bodies and minds of older adults are due in part to a reduction in the size of the brain as well as loss of brain plasticity.
Memory degenerates in old age, so older adults have a harder time remembering and attending to information. In general, an older person’s procedural memory tends to remain stable, while working memory declines.

Question 19

What do the Sensorimotor characteristics consist of?

Answer 19

Learning about the world by using senses to interact with surroundings and inventing ways to solve problems.

Question 20

What do the Preoperational characteristics consist of?

Answer 20

Using symbols to represent earlier discoveries. Language and make believe play.

Question 21

What do the Concrete operational characteristics consist of?

Answer 21

Reasoning becomes logical if they are concrete issues.

Question 22

What do the Formal operational characteristics consist of?

Answer 22

Developed abstract thinking. Reason through symbols that don’t refer to objects in the real world.

Question 23

Example of a schema…

Answer 23

Jack is 2 years old and loves walking near the farm to see the animals in the fields.
He has developed a schema for a cow.
He knows that a cow is large, has 4 legs and a tail.
When Jack sees a horse for the first time he might initially call it a cow as it fits with his schema of a large animal.
Once Jack is told that the horse is a different animal, he will modify his existing schema for a cow and create a new schema for a horse.