learning activity 6, 2nd semester Flashcards
Define drugs:
Any chemical that affects the physiological processes of a living organism
What is the chemical name?
Describes the drug’s chemical composition and molecular structure
eg. (+/-)-2-(p-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid
What is the generic name?
Name given by Health Canada under the Food and Drugs Act and Food and Drug Regulations
eg. ibuprofen
What is the property name?
The drug has a registered trademark; use of the name restricted by the drug’s patent owner (usually the manufacturer)
eg. Motrin®, Advil®
What are enteral Routes of Administration
Oral Buccal Sublingual Rectal PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or feeding tube)
What are topical Routes of Administration
Optic Otic Inhaler (MDI or metered dose inhaler) Aerosal Transdermal Vaginal Intrauterine
What is the Parenteral Route?
Intradermal Subcutaneous Intramuscular Intraosseus Intravenous Intra-arterial Intraperitoneal Intrasynovial Intrathecal Epidural
Describe tablets:
Scored
caplet
Enteric coated
Describe capsules:
Capsules
sustained release
Describe Syrup:
Syrup – a concentrated solution of sugar & H2O + drug
Describe Elixir:
Elixir – a sweetened , aromatic hydroalcoholic liquid used in compounding of medications
Describe Suspension:
Suspension – State of solid when its particles do not dissolve in fluid
What are the Eight Rights of Medication Administration?
The right medication The right dose The right client The right route The right time The right documentation The right to refuse The right reason
A medication order is required for any medication administered by the nurse, therefore a nurse must check?
Check all transcribed orders against the prescriber’s order
Ensure that the prescription has all the necessary components
Assess patient’s history of allergies
Give medication within 30 minutes
When preparing medication a nurse must?
- Ensure medication order has not expired
- Review assessment data that may influence drug administration ie. vital signs, lab reports
- Check the label against the MAR
- Take time to calculate drug doses accurately
- Complete 3 checks
- Administer only personally prepared medication
- Do not give medication from labels that are illegible or unmarked
When Administering Medications to Patients a nurse must?
- Correctly identify patient
- Inform patient of drug’s name, purpose, action, and side effects
- Respect patient’s right to refuse medication
- Discard unused medication once it has been removed from the container
- Remain with the patient until medication is taken
With Postadministration Activities a nurse must?
Record medication immediately once given
Record any data pertinent to patient’s assessment or response to medication
Record reason for refusal of medication
Monitor the patient for any serious side effects
When Administering Oral Medication:
Assess sensory function
Use clean technique
Evaluate each medication for potential drug-drug interaction
Evaluate whether drug can be given with food or dairy products
Not all tablets can be crushed or broken in half
Liquids
Remove bottle cap, and place cap upside down
Pour at eye level away from the label
Discard any excess into the sink (never back into the bottle)
Wipe lip of bottle with paper towel
When Administering Rectal Suppositories
Provide privacy
Wash hands, assemble supplies, don gloves
Assist patient to a left side-lying position with upper leg flexed, keeping patient draped
Palpate rectal walls, dispose gloves
Remove supp from foil, lubricate rounded end
Have patient take
slow deep breaths
Insert gently through anus,
and against rectal wall (4”)
When Administering Topical Medication a nurse must?
Determine allergies Provide privacy Wash hands. Assemble supplies, reading application directions. Don clean/sterile gloves Wash affected area – remove debris and previous medication Pat skin dry or air dry. Don new gloves Assess condition of patient’s skin Application of: Creams, ointments, oil-based lotions Nitroglycerin
When Administering Eye Drops a nurse must?
Wash hands, assemble supplies
Ask patient to lie supine or sit in chair with head hyperextended
If drainage present, gently wipe clean from inner to outer canthus
*Instruct patient to look up to the ceiling
Hold dropper 1 to 2 cm above conjunctival sac
Instill gtts into lower third of conjunctival sac
Apply gentle pressure to nasolacrimal duct for 30 sec
When applying Eye Ointment a nurse must?
Apply thin ribbon of ointment evenly along inner edge of lower conjunctival sac holding tube 2 cm from inner to outer canthus
Ask patient to close eyelids gently and move eyes
When administering Ear Drops a nurse must?
Cleanse outer ear canal
Pull pinna up and back in adults and children > 3 yrs
Pull pinna down and back in children < 3 yrs.
Apply gentle pressure to tragus
Ask patient to remain in side-lying position 5 – 10 min
When administering nose drops a nurse must?
Instruct pt to clear nose gently (unless contraindicated)
Sphenoid & ethmoid sinuses – tilt head back
Frontal & maxillary sinuses – tilt head back over edge of bed with head turned to affected side
Hold dropper 1 cm above nares and instill drops toward midline of ethmoid bone
Have patient remain supine for 5 minutes
When administering nasal spray a nurse must?
Instruct patient to gently blow nose (unless contraindicated)
Have patient assume upright sitting position
Block one nostril
Hold spray bottle upright, shake the bottle
Insert tip in to the nostril. Have patient inhale through the open nostril and squeeze a puff of spray into the nostril at the same time
Instruct patient that overuse of nasal decongestants can cause “rebound effect”
When adminstering an inhaler
Without aerochamber Place inhaler 1 to 2 cm from mouth with opening toward back of throat. Inhale slowly and deeply while simultaneously depressing cannister With aerochamber (preferrable) Place spacer mouthpiece into mouth leaving exhalation ports open Spray 1 puff into cannister Inhale slowly and fully for 5 seconds Hold breath for 5 – 10 sec *Patient teaching Shake cannister prior to use Take as prescribed Wait 2 – 5 minutes between inhalations Clean valve post-inhalation Instruct pt to rinse mouth following steroid inhalations
List the eight “rights” of medication administration:
The right medication The right dose The right client The right route The right time The right documentation The right to refuse
The right reason
When Receiving Medication Orders a Nurse must:
A medication order is required for any medication administered by the nurse
Check all transcribed orders against the prescriber’s order
Ensure that the prescription has all the necessary components
Assess patient’s history of allergies
Give medication within 30 minutes
What is Half-life?
The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug in the body to be removed
A measure of the rate at which drugs are removed from the body
Describe Onset, Peak, and Duration:
Onset
The time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response
Peak
The time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response
Duration
The time a drug concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response
What are some Drug Reactions?
Desired action/therapeutic effect Side effect Adverse effects Toxic effects Allergic Reactions Anaphylaxis Idiosyncratic reaction (occurs rarely & unpredictably) Medication Interactions Synergistic/potentiative effect Inhibitory effect
How to Prevent Medication Errors:
Minimize verbal or telephone orders
Repeat order to prescriber
Spell drug name aloud
Speak slowly and clearly
List indication next to each order
Avoid medical shorthand, including abbreviations and acronyms
Never assume anything about items not specified in a drug order (i.e., route)
Do not hesitate to question a medication order for any reason when in doubt
Do not try to decipher illegibly written orders; contact prescriber for clarification
NEVER use “trailing zeros” with medication orders
Do not use 1.0 mg; use 1 mg
1.0 mg could be misread as 10 mg, resulting in a tenfold dose increase
ALWAYS use a “leading zero” for decimal dosages
Do not use .25 mg; use 0.25 mg
.25 mg may be misread as 25 mg
“.25” is sometimes called a “naked decimal”
Check medication order and what is available while using the “8 Rights”
Take time to learn special administration techniques of certain dosage forms
Always listen to and honour any concerns expressed by clients regarding medications
Check client allergies and identification
What is Autonomy
self governing
What is Beneficence
action for the benefit of others
What is Confidentiality
set of rules that limits access on certain information
What is Justice?
moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, religion, equity or fairness
What is Nonmaleficence?
do no harm
What is Veracity?
conformity to facts, adherence to the truth
Ethnocultural Considerations are?
Assess the influence of a client’s cultural beliefs, values and customs Drug polymorphism Adherence to therapy Environmental considerations Genetic factors Varying responses to specific agents Health beliefs and practices Past uses of medication Folk remedies Home remedies Use of nonprescription drugs and natural health remedies OTC (over the counter) treatments Usual response to treatment Client’s response to treatment Religious practices and beliefs Dietary habits
The canadian nurses associatiom Code of Ethics for registered nurses is a statement of the?
Ethical value of nurses and of nurses commitment to persons with health care needs and persons receiving care.
What is the purpose for the code of ethics?
serves as a foundations for nurses and ethical practices. The codes provides guidelines for ethical relationships, responsibilities, behaviours and decision making, and it is used in conjunction with the professional standards, laws, and regulations that guide practice. It serves a a means of self evaluation and self reflection
