Learning

Question 1

Process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring information and behaviours is…

Answer 1

Learning

Question 2

Associative Learning

Answer 2

Learning that certain events occur together

Question 3

We associate stimuli that we do not control, and we automatically respond (exhibiting respondent behaviours)

Answer 3

Classical Conditioning

Question 4

Operant Conditioning

Answer 4

Association of response (our behaviour) and its consequence (producing operant behaviours)

Question 5

The acquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, by watching others or through language

Answer 5

Cognitive Learning

Question 6

Who’s early twentieth-century experiments are psychology’s most famous research?

Answer 6

Ivan Pavlov (Classical Conditioning [link 2 or more stimuli, then anticipate events])

Question 7

Psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behaviour without reference to mental processes

Answer 7

Behaviourism (most research psychologists today agree with 1, but not with 2

Question 8

a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning

Answer 8

NS or Neutral Stimulus

Question 9

an unlearned, naturally occurring response (eg. salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) (such as food in the mouth)

Answer 9

Unconditioned Response or UR

Question 10

a stimulus that unconditionally - naturally and automatically - triggers an conditioned response

Answer 10

Unconditioned Stimulus or US

Question 11

a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus

Answer 11

Conditioned Response (CR)

Question 12

an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR)

Answer 12

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Question 13

Pavlov’s research demonstrated associative learning, exploring five major conditioning processes

Answer 13

acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination

Question 14

Acquisition - (Classical Conditioning)

Answer 14

Initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.

Question 15

Extinction - (Classical Conditioning)

Answer 15

Diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an US does not follow a CS

Question 16

Spontaneous Recovery - (Classical Conditioning)

Answer 16

Reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

Question 17

Generalization - (Classical Conditioning)

Answer 17

Tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

Question 18

Discrimination - (Classical Conditioning

Answer 18

Learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus (which predicts the US) and other irrelevant stimuli

Question 19

Consensus among psychologists that classical conditioning is a

Answer 19

basic form of learning

Question 20

Many responses to many stimuli can be classically condition in many organisms

Answer 20

including humans

Question 21

Who introduced how learning processes can be studied objectively?

Answer 21

Pavlov

Question 22

Classical conditioning applies to all species?

Answer 22

Yea