Learning Flashcards
Process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring information and behaviours is…
Learning
Associative Learning
Learning that certain events occur together
We associate stimuli that we do not control, and we automatically respond (exhibiting respondent behaviours)
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Association of response (our behaviour) and its consequence (producing operant behaviours)
The acquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, by watching others or through language
Cognitive Learning
Who’s early twentieth-century experiments are psychology’s most famous research?
Ivan Pavlov (Classical Conditioning [link 2 or more stimuli, then anticipate events])
Psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behaviour without reference to mental processes
Behaviourism (most research psychologists today agree with 1, but not with 2
a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning
NS or Neutral Stimulus
an unlearned, naturally occurring response (eg. salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) (such as food in the mouth)
Unconditioned Response or UR
a stimulus that unconditionally - naturally and automatically - triggers an conditioned response
Unconditioned Stimulus or US
a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus
Conditioned Response (CR)
an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Pavlov’s research demonstrated associative learning, exploring five major conditioning processes
acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination
Acquisition - (Classical Conditioning)
Initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.
Extinction - (Classical Conditioning)
Diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an US does not follow a CS
Spontaneous Recovery - (Classical Conditioning)
Reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response
Generalization - (Classical Conditioning)
Tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
Discrimination - (Classical Conditioning
Learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus (which predicts the US) and other irrelevant stimuli
Consensus among psychologists that classical conditioning is a
basic form of learning
Many responses to many stimuli can be classically condition in many organisms
including humans
Who introduced how learning processes can be studied objectively?
Pavlov
Classical conditioning applies to all species?
Yea
