Learning Flashcards
What is a neutral stimulus?
A stimulus that, before conditioning does not naturally bring about a the response of interest.
What is an Unconditioned stimulus?
A stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without being learned
What is learning?
Learning is a mostly permanent change in behavior created through experience
What is classical conditioning
A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response
What is an unconditioned response?
A response that is natural and needs no training.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
A once neutral stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus to bring about a response once caused only by the unconditioned stimulus.
What is a conditioned response?
A response that, after conditioning, follows a previously neutral stimulus
Conditioned
Learned
unconditioned
Not learned
What is extinction?
A basic phenomena of learning that occurs when a previously learned response decreases and eventually disappears
What is spontaneous recovery?
The reemergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and with no further conditioning
What is stimulus generalization?
A process in which, after a stimulus has been learned to produce a particular response , stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus produce the same response
What is stimulus discrimination?
The process that occurs if two stimuli are sufficiently distinct from one another that one evokes a conditioned response but the other does not
Operant conditioning
Learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences
What is reenforcement
the process by which a stimulus increases the chances that a prior behavior will be repeated
What is a reinforcer?
Any stimulus that increases the chances that a prior behavior will be repeated
what is a Positive reinforcer?
A stimulus added to the environment that brings an increase in a preceding response
What is a negative reinforcer?
An unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the chances that a preceding response will be repeated in the future
What is punishment?
A stimulus that decreases the probability that a previous behavior will occur again
What is a schedule of reinforcement?
Different patterns of frequency and timing of reinforcement following desired behavior.
what is Continuous reinforcement schedule?
Reinforcing of a behavior every time it occurs
Partial Reinforcement
reinforcing of a behavior some but not all the time.
What is a fixed-ratio schedule
A schedule by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made.
