Learning Flashcards
Kurt Lewin
Theory of Association
Simultaneous Conditioning
US & CS are presented at the same time
Higher-order conditioning or Second-order conditioning
Previous CS acts as US
Forward Conditioning
CS is presented before US
Delayed Conditioning
Presentation of CS before US and lasts until US is presented
Trace conditioning
CS is presented and terminated before US is presented
Backward Conditioning
US is presented before CS
Inhibitory Conditioning
Caused by backward conditioning
E.L Thorndike
Law of effect
Another term for Shaping
Differential reinforcement of successive approximations
Most robust reinforcement schedule
Variable ratio
Second most robust reinforcement schedule
Variable interval
Token Economy
An artificial mini-economy where individuals are motivated by secondary reinforcers, which can be cashed in for primary reinforcers
What is the problem with drive-reduction or balance theories?
They don’t explain why individuals often seek out stimulation, novel experience, or self-destruction
Clark Hull
Performance = Drive x Habit