Learning 2 Flashcards
What is the law of effect?
Behaviours followed by a:
- Positive outcome is likely to be repeated
- Negative behaviour is unlikely to be repeated
What is a reinforcer?
Anything that increases the likelihood that a target behaviour will be repeated
What is a punisher?
Anything that decreases the likelihood that a target behaviour will be repeated
What is positive reinforcement?
Adding something positive - candy for answering questions
What is negative reinforcement?
Taking something negative away - putting seatbelt on stops bleeping
What is positive punishment?
Adding something more negative - doing more homework
What is negative punishment?
Taking something nice away - changing the wifi password
What are the cautions of punishment?
- Learned very quickly but can have negative consequence
- Can cause children to become fearful or aggressive
What are the cautions of rewarding?
Leads to extrinsic motivation (doing something for the reward) rather than intrinsic motivation
What are primary reinforcers?
Not learned behaviour that are innate qualities
- Water
- Sex
What are primary punishers?
- Pain
- Discomfort
- Hunger
What is secondary reinforcement?
A stimulus that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer (learned behaviour)
- Bed time ritual
- Often classically conditioned
What are secondary punishers?
- Bad hair day
- Poor grades
- Speeding ticket
Explain operant conditioning and shaping
A type of learning that results from reinforcement of successive steps into a final behaviour
- teaching a dog to do partial turns before learning a full spin
What is fixed-ratio reinforcement
Has to do with the number of behaviours completed
