learning Flashcards
what is learning
relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience
how can learning occur
-intentionally (e.g watching/hearing s/o play piano
- active (e.g reciting multiplication table)
- passive (hearing abt aus performing in olympics)
classical conditioning
occurs through repeated association of two or more different stimuli
3 phase process of CC
Before conditioning: NS produces no response
UCS elicits UCR
During conditioning: NS repeatedly associated/paired with UCS to produce the reflexive response( UCR)
After conditioning: NS becomes learned = CS
CS now produces CR (same as UCR)
3 phase process/model of OC
Antecedent/discriminative stimulus: what prompts behaviour
Behaviour: voluntary response
Consequence: what happened after response
negative reinforcement
remove something undesirable/unpleasant stimulus e.g panadol tablet when have headache
positive reinforcement
applying a positive reinforcer after desired response has been made e.g lolly for good behaviour
what do reinforcements do
strengthen the response
positive punishment
delivery of an unpleasant stimulus
response cost (-ve punishment)
stimulus is taken away as a consequence of behaviour
what do punishments do
reduce the frequency of the behaviour
observational learning
uses observation of a model’s actions and the consequences of those actions to guide their further actions
vicarious conditioning
The individual watches a model’s behaviour being either reinforced or punished.
the person then behaves in exactly the same way or a modified way or refrains from the behaviour as a result of what they have observed
observational learning abbreviation
ARRMR
ARRMR stands for what
attention, retention, reproduction, motivation, reinforcement
attention
person must actively watch the model
retention
person must hold a mental representation of the behaviour and remember it in order to imitate it later
reproduction
person must have the motor skills to be able to reproduce the behaviour
motivation
person must be motivated to demonstrate what has been learned
reinforcement
reinforcement influences the motvation to reproduce the observed behaviour and increases the likelihood of reproduction
ATSI ppls way of knowing
viewed as being embedded in relationships where the learner is part of a multimodal system of knowledge pattern on country
